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EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS GUIDE:

A PRACTICAL APPROACH  TO INDIVIDUAL EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS

Compiled by: John Cairns / Certified Safety Technician / World
Safety Organization

The information contained in this brochure was compiled from many
sources.  Primary among these are the American Red Cross, Pacific
Telephone, General  Telephone, and  Ralphs Markets.  Most of the
credit, therefore,  belongs to  these  fine  organizations. My
involvement was  to gather information from available sources and
compile it  into a  single document.

I  have added  comments or details throughout  the brochure  for
clarity  or to  expand upon facts and recommendations. I have
taken many hours and great care in the preparation of this
document.   Although the information contained herein is believed
to be  accurate, it  is subject  to error  and  no  guarantee  is
expressed or implied as to completeness or accuracy.

In no event shall I  accept any  liability , whether direct or
consequential, for damage  or injuries  resulting  from
implementation  of  the recommendations presented  in this
guide.

This information  is presented as  a public  service only.
Special circumstances and your own  good sense  may  modify  your
individual  approach to earthquake preparedness. I release  this
brochure  to the  public domain  in the spirit of universal
brotherhood and friendship.  No fee or royalty is to be charged
for its  distribution.

THE EARTHQUAKE POTENTIAL:

Geologists have  forecast a  50/50 chance  of Southern California
being struck  by a  great earthquake  (8.0 or  greater) along the
Southern San  Andreas Fault  within the  next 15  years.

When it happens, the  impact on Southern California will be
enormous. Police, fire, utilities and medical services will be
overwhelmed. Cities within Southern California Counties that
would normally help each other in a large Emergency may be too
busy with their own problems to provide mutual aid.

It may take days or weeks in many areas  to restore  electricity,
gas,  water  or  telephones. Devastated  roads will make travel
anywhere difficult or impossible. Disaster planners have warned
us to be prepared to be   "on our own" for at least  the first 72
hours after  the earthquake. Much can be done to prepare  now,
before the great earthquake  strikes Southern  California

By learning  the potential  hazards of  earthquakes and by taking
certain preparedness  measures NOW, you can survive an earthquake
and minimize its dangerous and damaging impact. There will  NEVER
be a better  time than NOW for  you and  your family to prepare
for this cataclysmic  event.

PLEASE take the time to read and understand this brochure.
Follow the directions for preparing  your three-day survival
pack. Store this brochure with your survival pack for later
reference.

THE DANGER:

The actual  movement of the ground in an earthquake is seldom the
direct cause  of death  or injury.   Most casualties result from
falling objects and debris because the shocks can shake, damage,
or demolish  buildings, bridges,  and other  man-made structures.
Earthquakes can  also trigger  landslides and generate huge ocean
waves called  tsunamis.  Both of these can cause great damage and
loss of life.

Earthquake-related injuries are commonly caused by:

1)   Partial building  collapses, such as toppling chimneys,
falling  bricks from  wall Facings  and  roof  parapets,
collapsing walls, falling ceiling  plaster, light fixtures, and
pictures.

2)   Flying or  falling glass  from broken  windows.  (This
     danger may be greater in modern high-rise buildings.)

3)   Overturned bookcases, fixtures, and other furniture and
     appliances.

4)   Fires from broken chimneys,  broken gas  and electric lines,
or spilled flammable  liquids. The danger may  be aggravated by
the lack of water due to broken water mains.

5)   Fallen Power lines.

6)   Human panic  reactions, such  as crowds  stampeding for
     stairways or exits.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?:

There are many actions you can take to reduce the danger from
earthquakes to yourself, your family, and others.

A)  BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS:

1)   As a homeowner or tenant:

A)   Check your home for earthquake hazards.  Bolt down  or
provide other strong  support for water heaters and other gas
appliances, since fire damage can result from broken gas lines
and  appliance connections.

Use flexible connections wherever possible. Place large or heavy
objects on the lower shelves. Securely fasten shelves to walls.
Brace or  anchor high or top-heavy objects.

B)   In new construction or alterations, follow building codes to
minimize earthquake hazards. Sites  for construction should be
selected and engineered to reduce the hazards of damage from an
earthquake.

2)   As a parent or head of family:

A)   Hold occasional  home earthquake drills to provide your
family with the knowledge to avoid  injury and panic during an
earthquake.

B)   Teach responsible  members of  your family how to turn off
electricity, gas, and water at the main switch and valves.  If in
doubt, check with  your  local utilities offices for
instructions.

CAUTION:   NEVER  SHUT OFF  THE GAS  unless you suspect a gas
leak or can smell gas. If  the gas  is ever  shut off,  all pilot
lights MUST be re-lit.

C)   Provide for  responsible members of your family to receive
basic first aid and C.P.R.  (cardio-pulminary resuscitation)
instruction because medical  facilities may be overloaded
immediately after an earthquake. Call Red  Cross Safety  Services
for information about classes.

D)   Keep a flashlight and a battery-powered transistor radio in
the home,  ready for  use at all times.  Keep fresh batteries
with these items.

E)   Keep  immunizations  up-to-date  for  all  family members.

F)   Conduct calm family discussions about earthquakes and other
possible disasters.  Avoid  frightening disaster stories, but
talk frankly and rationally about the possible consequences of
catastrophic events.

G)   Maintain a  2-3 day  supply of food  and  water. However, to
maintain  freshness it is  important to rotate this stock
periodically.

B)   DURING AN EARTHQUAKE:

1)   The most  important thing  you can  do  during  an
     earthquake is to remain calm.

By doing this, you will  be in  a better  position to  assess
your situation and instill confidence  in those around you. Think
through the consequences of any actions you take. Try to calm and
reassure others.

2)   If indoors, stay there. If you happen to be in the kitchen,
turn  off the stove at the first sign of  shaking. Watch for
falling plaster, bricks, light fixtures and other objects.

Watch out for high bookcases, china cabinets, shelves, and other
furniture or appliances which might fall or topple.

Stay away  from windows, mirrors, and chimneys. If in danger, get
under a  table, desk or  bed;  in a  corner  away  from  windows;
or  in a  strong doorway.  Encourage others to follow your
example. Do not run outdoors - you may be hit by falling debris
or electrical wires.

3)   If in  a high-rise office building, move away from windows
and  outside walls. Get under a desk or table. Do not dash for
exits, since stairways may be broken or jammed with people.
Power for elevators may fail.

4)   If in  a crowded  store, do not rush for a doorway  since
hundreds  may have  the same  idea. If you MUST leave the
building, choose  your exit as carefully as possible.

5)   If outside,  avoid high buildings,  walls,  power poles, and
other objects  which could  fall during the earthquake. If
possible, move to an open  area away from all hazards.

6)   If in  an automobile, pull your car to the side of the road
and stop in the safest place available.  Avoid bridges,
overpasses,  and power  lines. Remain inside your car until the
shaking is over. Turn on your radio for news & information.

Proceed with extreme caution because of the danger  of debris in
the road or damage to the road itself.

C)   AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE:

1)   Check for injuries to your family  and  your neighborhood.
Do not attempt to move seriously injured persons unless they are
in danger of further injury.

2)   Check for fires or fire hazards.

3)   Wear shoes  in all  areas near  debris  or  broken glass.

4)   Do not touch downed power lines or objects touched by the
     downed wires.

5)   Immediately clean up spilled medicines, drugs, and other
     potentially harmful materials.

6)   Check for damaged utilities.

A)   Inspect for  leaking gas lines by smell only; do not use
     candles, matches, or other open flames.

If you  smell gas,  open all  windows and doors so gas can
escape. Shut off the main valve at your
gas meter, leave the house immediately, and notify authorities of
the leak. Do not re-enter the house until repairs has been made
and the dwelling has been declared safe.

B)   If water  pipes are broken, shut off the main valve which
     brings water into the house.

C)   If the  house  is  properly  wired,  internal trouble with
the electricity is very unlikely. If there is a short circuit,
turn off the electricity at the meter box.

7)   If water  is off,  emergency water may be obtained from
melted ice cubes, from canned  vegetables, from toilet tanks (if
no  blueing or  sanitizing  chemicals have been  added), from
swimming pools and spas,  and from water heaters (strain  this
water through a clean handkerchief first).

8)   Check to see that sewage lines are intact before permitting
     continued flushing of toilets.

9)   Do not  eat or drink anything from open containers near
shattered glass. Liquids can be strained through a clean
handkerchief or cloth if  the danger of glass contamination
exists.

10)  If power is off, check your freezer and plan meals to use up
     foods which will spoil quickly.

11)  Use outdoor charcoal or propane broilers  for emergency
cooking. Do  not bring these items indoors. The accumulation of
fumes from their use can be deadly.

12)  Do not  use your telephone except for  genuine emergency
     calls.

13)  Check your chimney over its entire  length for cracks &
     damage, particularly in the attic and at the roof line.

Unnoticed  damage could lead to a fire or collapse in
aftershocks. The initial check should be made from a distance.
Approach chimneys with caution.

14)  Check closets and storage shelf areas. Open closet and
cupboard doors carefully and  watch for objects falling from
shelves.

15)  Do not  spread rumors. They often do great harm following
     disasters.

16)  Tune-in to local radio stations for information and danger
     reports.

17)  Do not  go sightseeing. Do not use your vehicle unless there
is a genuine emergency.  Keep the streets clear for emergency
vehicles.

18)  Be prepared for additional aftershocks.  Although most of
these are smaller than the main shock, some may  be strong enough
to cause additional damage.

19)  Respond to  requests for  help from  police, fire fighting,
civil  defense, & relief organizations, but do not go into
damaged areas unless your help has been requested.

Cooperate fully with  public-safety officials. In some areas, you
may be arrested for getting in the way of disaster operations.

20)  Information concerning the welfare of separated family
members will be handled by the American Red Cross. Do not  call
or  go  to  the  police  or  fire department for this
information.

THREE-DAY SURVIVAL PACK:

Prepare, in advance, a 33-gallon plastic trash barrel to store
emergency supplies for yourself and members of your household.
The barrel should have a tight fitting or latching lid to keep
insects or household pets from disturbing your supplies.

Store the barrel in your garage or (better yet) in a backyard
storage shed.  Make sure your supplies will be accessible in an
emergency.  Store the barrel in such a manner that it will not
easily tip over and spill or damage the contents. Store your
emergency supplies in the barrel, in quantities sufficient to
meet the needs of your household for at least 72 hours.

BOTTOM OF THE BARREL:

Bedding / Plastic sheets/tarp / Sleeping bag /blankets / Clothing
/ One change per person.

Personal Supplies / Good book / Pencil/ Paper / Toiletries /
Towel. / Fuel and Light /  Candles / Matches / Sterno canned
heat.

EQUIPMENT:

Axe / Bucket / Can opener / Dish pan /   Disposable dishes /
Disposable utensils / Plastic bag liners / Shovel / Infant Needs
If applicable. / Money / Misc.:  Eye dropper / Liquid chlorine
bleach / Water purification tablets

MIDDLE OF THE BARREL:

Food / Three-day supply of food requiring no refrigeration.  Date
all food items and rotate stock as required to maintain
freshness. Write out a menu for each day.

Examples: Bottle of multi-vitamins / Canned fruit juice / Canned
tuna or pork and beans (1/2 lb./person) Dried fruit (1/2
lb./person)/  Graham crackers (1/2 lb./person) / Nonfat dry milk
(1/2 lb./person) Peanut butter (1/2 lb./person)

This supplies daily 2100 calories and ESSENTIAL nutrients.

Water (1 gal./person per day.  Store water separately in sealed
containers.

TOP OF THE BARREL:

Flashlight, Radio, Spare Batteries.

First Aid Kit, including:

Drugs / Antibiotic Ointment / Aspirin Tablets (5 grain) /
Kaopectate /  Medication recommended by your doctor.

Bandages /  Ace bandage / Adhesive tape, 2" wide roll / Bandages,
plastic strips / Bandages, large triangular / Butterfly bandages
/  Cotton-tipped swabs /  Gauze pads (4" x 4") / Sterile
absorbent cotton / Sterile gauze bandages, 2" & 4" wide rolls

MISCELLANEOUS:

First Aid handbook / Petroleum jelly / Pocket utility knife /
Rubbing alcohol / Scissors / Thermometer / Tissues/Tweezers.

The size of your family may require that more than one barrel be
used to store your three-day survival pack. Campers' supplies are
a good choice for many of the required items, because of their
compact and durable design.

Remember to check your stock regularly and replace out-of-date
items.

If you have a tent, store it near your three-day survival pack.
If your house is severely damaged during the earthquake, your
tent may be your only shelter.

WHAT YOU CAN DO TO COPE WITH EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE:

Following is a list of reminders of what to do to cope with
earthquakes.

PREPARE SUPPLIES, including:

 - Flashlights with spare batteries.  /  - A first aid kit and
instructional handbook.  - Portable radios with extra batteries.
- Fire extinguishers.

 - Airtight containers of water and purification tablets or
liquid chlorine bleach to disinfect water.

- A supply of canned or dehydrated foods, powdered milk, juices
and nutritional food items that do not require water for
preparation.

 - A manually-operated can opener.   - A barbecue, camp stove or
other alternate means of cooking. - Plastic trash bags. /  Gloves
/  Matches.

 - Bathroom items including toothpaste, toilet paper and soap.  -
A pipe wrench and crescent wrench for turning off gas and water
mains.

PREPARE PLANS, including:

 - How to shut off electricity, water heaters, water mains & gas.

(Do not, however, shut off the gas unless you suspect a leak or
can smell escaping gas).

- How to purify water. / Where to reunite your family. / The
safest places to take cover in your dwelling.

DURING THE EARTHQUAKE:

 - If indoors, stay there. Duck under a desk or table. Stay clear
     of  windows, fireplaces and heavy appliances.

- If outside, get into the open. Stay away from buildings, trees
     and  power lines.

 - If in a car, pull to the side of the road. Stay away from
     overpasses, bridges or power lines.

For further information, the front section of telephone
directories includes a survival guide with first aid information
for earthquakes and other emergencies.

PURIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER or HOW TO PURIFY WATER FOR
DRINKING:

If water  is polluted  with dirt  or sediment,  strain it  into a
container through  paper towels, paper coffee filters, or several
layers of clean cloth to remove any sediment or floating matter.

Disinfect the  strained water  with a  5.25% sodium  hypochlorite
solution (liquid  household chlorine  bleach) OR with tincture of
iodine.

DO NOT use the granular form of household bleach, it is
POISONOUS!

NOTE:     If liquid  chlorine bleach  is older  than one  year,
the amount used should be doubled, as it loses strength over
time.

Purchase an  eye dropper  to add  bleach or  iodine to the water.
Use the eye dropper for this purpose ONLY. Mix well  by stirring
or shaking  the water in a container.  Let stand for 30 minutes
before using.

A slight chlorine odor should be detectable  in the  water.   If
not, repeat the dosage and let stand for an additional 15 minutes
before using.

If the water can be boiled, boil at a rolling boil for 5 minutes.
(10 is safer). This should  remove any  harmful bacterial
contamination.  If you are in  the mountains,  add one
additional minute for each 1,000 feet of  altitude.

Boiling for longer than 5 minutes is safer, but do this only if
you have the gas or fuel to spare.

Water purification  tablets are  available  in  drug  stores and
sporting goods stores and are  recommended for your first aid
kit. Follow the  directions on  the package  to purify  water.
Water purification tablets  have a shelf life of 2 years and lose
their effectiveness if they get damp before use.

Purify only  enough water at one time to last for 48 hours.  This
will minimize the chances of re-contamination.