[RITUAL ABUSE, SATANISM, OCCULTISM; (Religious Tolerance):
                                http://web.canlink.com/ocrt/ocrt_hp.htm  ]

                   DOES SATANIC/SADISTIC RITUAL ABUSE EXIST?
                                       
     _________________________________________________________________
   
(Ritual Abuse is also called SRA, Satanic Ritual Abuse, Ritualistic Abuse,
Sadistic Ritual Abuse, Cult Related Abuse, etc)
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
  WHAT PEOPLE BELIEVE:
  
     * Some believe that a high-tech, secret, international Satanic
       organization engages in horrendous ritual abuse, mutilation and
       torture - largely of children.
     * Some attribute abuse to mind and behaviour control cults or other
       hidden groups.
     * 50,000 ritual human sacrifices are commonly estimated to occur
       each year in the US alone.
     * Perpetrators are believed to drink the blood and eat the flesh of
       the victims and engage in sexual excesses.
     * Generational Satanists are believed to exist who sacrifice some of
       their children and pass on their killing and mutilating rituals to
       other children.
       
   
   A SRA industry composed of seminar speakers and authors has sprung up
   to promote this belief system.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
  DOES IT EXIST?
  
   The simple answers are yes and no. It does not exist as an
   international conspiracy. It does not exist as a widespread
   underground inter-generational cult that passes its abusive beliefs
   and practices from grandparents to parents to children. There have
   been a few, isolated cases of activities that might be called
   "Sadistic Ritual Abuse", although none match the belief system
   described above and none are done by intergenerational secret "cults".
   
   Investigators are thus divided on the existence and nature of this
   form of abuse. Some believe that there are an average of 50,000 ritual
   murders per year in North America; others believe very few or none.
   
   It is essentially impossible to prove that something does not exist.
   For example, who can prove that they did not beat their spouse last
   year on the evening of January 15th?. However, there are strong
   indications that SRA is not practiced at any significant level in
   North America. 

        --------------------------------------
 
   INDICATORS THAT SADISTIC/SATANIC RITUAL ABUSE DOES NOT EXIST

  
    1.  1800 YEAR HISTORY OF UNSUBSTANTIATED RUMOURS:
       Rumours of an evil, underground, abusive religious group were well
       documented during the early history of the Christian church in the
       Roman Empire. The government promoted a rumour that the early
       Christians kidnapped babies, ritually killed them, drank their
       blood, ate their flesh and engaged in degenerate sexual practices.
       The "urban folk tale" was based on:

          + the practices of some Christians to seek out and save the
            lives of abandoned infants; the rumour implied that the
            babies were later murdered in rituals

          + the communion ritual in which Christians consumed wine and
            bread, with the belief that it had been transmuted into the
            blood and body of Christ; the rumour implied that real blood
            and body parts were used during the ritual

          + the practice of early Christians to have a shared meal and
            social gathering; the rumour implied that these were orgies
   
       The same basic story has continued intermittently in many
       variations for some 1800 years. The Church used it against the
       heretics, lepers, Cathars, Knights Templar and Witches during the
       period 1000 to 1800 AD. Hitler used it against the Jews and
       Gypsies during the 1930's. The USSR used it against the Jews more
       recently. A variety of SRA promoters are using it against
       Satanists, followers of minority religions, men's fraternal
       organizations, self help groups, etc today.
       
       Historians do not believe that these tales were true in the past;
       there is no reason to assume that the latest manifestation of the
       same rumour is true today. Promoters of SRA are simply continuing
       the lies of the Inquisition, of Nazi Germany, and of the USSR into
       the 1990's. Most are believed to do this unknowingly; most firmly
       believe in the reality of SRA.


    2.  FRAUDS IN THE SRA INDUSTRY

       Much of the public's current beliefs about Satanism and SRA can be
       traced back to four books: Michelle Remembers, Satan Seller,
       Satan's Underground and He Came to Set the Captives Free. All
       contain what the authors claim to be personal experiences with
       Satanism - as victim or perpetrator. All four have been proven to
       be frauds by various Evangelical and Wiccan investigators. Various
       television exposes of SRA (20-20, Geraldo, and other talk shows)
       featured these authors. There are many dozens of additional books
       which are mainly written by Evangelical authors which appear to
       use combinations of these four books for source material. A study
       by the Wiccan Information Network has shown that there is no
       agreement by these authors on the Satanic seasonal days of
       celebration; the dates mentioned in these books appear to be
       guesses by their authors. If Satanic dates are simply invented,
       one may wonder whether the rest of the books are based on reality.
       
       The most important book (the one which originally triggered the
       SRA panic) is Michelle Remembers by Dr. Lawrence Pazder and
       Michelle Smith (Pocket Books 1980; ISBN 0-671-69433-2). An
       investigation by the Wiccan Information Network revealed that the
       horrendous rituals described in the book originated in Pazder's
       personal study of benign African native religious practices.
       
       Ultimately, all of the beliefs about Gothic Satanism can be traced
       back to the above four books, to people's imagination and to the
       Malleus Maleficarum (the text book of the Witch burning times).
       
       If SRA existed, then one would logically expect that a SRA
       survivor somewhere who had continuously present memories would
       write a non-fraudulent book describing their abuse experiences,
       either as victim or perpetrator.


    3.  LACK OF SURVIVORS' DOCUMENTATION PRIOR TO 1980

       The term "SRA survivor" is used to describe adults who have memories
       of SRA which happened. Usually, they had not been aware of these
       experiences until recovered memories are developed during therapy.
       There are no records of SRA survivors having gone public in the
       20th century prior to the publishing of Michelle Remembers.
       
       If SRA has been practiced for many generations (as the promoters
       of SRA believe) then someone should have come forward before 1980
       to reveal their abuse.


    4.  OTHER FRAUDS IN THE SRA INDUSTRY

       Many of the promoters of SRA are Fundamentalist or other Evangelical
       Christians. The latter are in part motivated by religious reasons:
       they devoutly believe that Satan is a real person with quasi-God
       like powers, who is alive and very active in the world today. So
       they reason that he must have profoundly evil human helpers.
       
       Some of these SRA promoters SRA have been investigated by both
       Neo-pagan and Evangelical Christian groups and shown to be frauds. 
       Many lecturers in the industry say that they were once Satanists
       or "black Witches", rose to a position of great power, engaged in
       horrendous rituals, converted to Evangelical Christianity, and
       then became an author and seminar leader.
       
       If SRA exists, then one would expect some lecturers to have left
       Satanism as a "plain ordinary member". Some should have converted
       to mainline Christianity, to liberal Christianity or to a religion
       other than Christianity. Yet none fitting these profiles has ever
       been found.


    5.  COURT CASES IN THE EARLY 1980'S

       There were dozens of court cases involving SRA in the five years
       following the publishing of Michelle Remembers. Typically, charges
       were brought by a young adult against her/his parents, accusing
       them of SRA which allegedly occurred during the 1960's and/or
       1970's. The testimony revealed rituals identical to (or
       essentially duplicates of) those described in the book Michelle
       Remembers. But, as has been shown above, that book is fiction;
       those rituals only existed in the mind of the authors. One must
       conclude that the survivors were either lying, or were basing
       their testimony on false memories. (False memories feel like real
       memories; however they are of events that never happened. The
       survivor is usually unaware of these memories until they are
       recovered during Recovered Memory Therapy, which may use
       hypnotism, age regression or guided imagery). It is very doubtful
       that they were lying; no known researcher in the field accuses the
       survivors of perjury. We conclude that they were based on false
       memories.
       
       If SRA really existed as a secret, inter-generational underground
       movement, we would have expected court cases to have been brought
       forward during the entire 20th Century. And the testimony given at
       the trials would not have been based on a fraudulent book.


    6.  THE NATURE OF RECOVERED MEMORIES OF SRA

       SRA survivors have similar memories of abuse, involving a Satanic
       "motif". They remember evil, robe-clad adults, candles, knives, an
       altar, etc. This is the sort of image that we all have of
       Satanists; it is derived from countless children's stories, horror
       movies, sermons, comic books, etc. However, survivors memories of
       details of Satanic ritual do not agree. Since Satanism is believed
       to be a rigid, authoritarian religion, details should be
       consistent across the country. These includes: dates of major
       rituals, type and colour of knifes, colour of robes, whether
       female and male clothing was differentiated; whether the
       Satanist's rank was identified by different coloured belts, etc.
       Details also rarely agree with known Satanic practices.
       
       If a highly structured Satanic group is involved in SRA, one would
       expect that ritual details would be consistent among local cells,
       and that survivors' stories would agree. We would expect that
       their memories of rituals would match known Satanic practices.


    7.  THERAPISTS AND AGENCIES PROMOTING SRA

       A recent study funded by a US federal government agency among over
       6,900 psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers showed that
       70% had never had an SRA patient, most of the rest had handled one
       or two, but that 1.4% had over 100 cases. This indicates that a
       small percentage of therapists are detecting most of the survivors
       
       The same study of police departments, district attorney's offices
       and social service agencies revealed a similar pattern: 80% with
       none; most of the rest one or two, and 2.2% over 100 cases. There
       are counselling centres that suspect that all of their clients
       have been victims of incest or ritual abuse. Memories of abuse
       often surface after Recovered Memory Therapy, which often involves
       hypnotism and guided imagery, The American Medical Association,
       and many Psychiatric and Psychological professional organizations
       around the world warn that recovered memories may have no relation
       to real events. However, many therapists continue to believe that
       all memories are absolutely true and accurate, whether recovered
       or always present.
       
       If SRA were widespread, one would expect a more even distribution
       of cases among therapists and agencies. In reality, a very small
       minority of therapists and agencies are creating most SRA
       survivors - apparently those who personally believe in extensive
       SRA, and see it in most of their clients or patients.


    8.  INCONSISTENCIES IN SRA MEMORIES

       Children with memories of SRA tend to recall scary experiences; e.g.
       being put in a coffin and lowered into a grave. Their stories
       often involve urine and feces, which are typical fascinations of
       children. Adult survivors' stories tend to be very different. They
       often recall horrendous torture, mutilation, ritual murder,
       cannibalism, drinking of blood, etc.
       
       If SRA existed, one would expect that child and adult memories of
       the same rituals would be similar.


    9.  COURT RECORDS

       Very few criminal cases in the US actually go to trial. About 90% are
       settled by plea-bargaining in which the accused pleads guilty to a
       lesser crime in order to avoid being found guilty of a more
       serious offense. There is only one case on record in the US of a
       person pleading guilty to abuse involving a Satanic ritual
       component. He is a special person - one who has been proven
       capable of entering a self-induced trance and creating his own
       false memories. He pleaded guilty because he believed his own
       false memories and wanted to spare his daughters the stress of a
       trial. He has since recanted and is appealing his sentence.
       
       If SRA were widespread, one would expect large numbers of
       perpetrators charged with SRA to admit their guilt and
       plea-bargain for lesser charges. It is believed that this has
       never happened.


   10.  LACK OF SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

       During the 1980's, many promoters in the SRA industry were police
       officers. They were concerned that thousands of Satanists (and
       similar groups) were literally getting away with murder. In recent
       years, most have realized that no hard evidence of ritual abuse or
       murder has ever been found. Most police are now openly skeptical
       of the reality of SRA. Some police officers, who are Evangelical
       Christians, remain; they are sometimes called "cult cops" by
       skeptics.
       
       The FBI Behavioral Sciences Laboratory is the main law enforcement
       group in the United States specializing in SRA. They have been
       called in as consultants by local police forces in hundreds of
       cases of suspected SRA. Although they have found many cases
       involved sexual and physical abuse of children, none have involved
       SRA. The FBI has successfully infiltrated the Mafia, KKK,
       Communist cells, corrupt union organizations, and are now
       penetrating the state militias. But they have never infiltrated
       the "Satanic conspiracy".
       
       If SRA were widespread, one would expect some hard evidence of the
       50,000 ritual killings per year. One would expect the FBI to have
       infiltrated and exposed any criminal Satanic organization if it
       existed.


   11.  MISSING EVIDENCE

       As mentioned above, no hard evidence supporting SRA has ever been
       found. Support for the existence of SRA is in two types: the
       recovered memories of tens of thousands of survivors and scars
       allegedly caused by physical abuse. Sometimes survivors' memories
       contain elements that are open to verification. For example, some
       remember having been forced to conceive and had an abortion or
       delivered a live baby for sacrifice. Many children in the famous
       McMartin Preschool case recalled being taken down through trap
       doors in the floor and through underground tunnels (5) that
       originated in the day care basement. Others remember rituals in
       which victims of human sacrifice were buried. Others recall
       horrendous childhood experiences involving extreme physical abuse
       and mutilation. Some remember being abused in a basement or attic
       or other specific location.
       
       Police investigations typically show that the survivors who
       remember pregnancy were never pregnant; that no human remains were
       discovered after excavating the locations remembered; scars or
       other marks that would have remained visible are missing - scars
       which do exist could have been made by the survivor or have
       logical causes unrelated to ritual abuse; no survivor's lack of
       school attendance for other than known medical reasons, is on
       record. Inspections of the day care revealed that no trap doors
       were present or could have existed. Excavations around the day
       care centre revealed no non-fraudulent evidence of tunnels has
       been found. No shoring was found; it would have been needed in the
       sandy soil around the day care center. (Some books, like The
       Courage to Heal falsely claim that tunnels were found). Some
       locations for abuse are nonexistent: the attics and basements
       never existed.
       
       If SRA occurred as survivors remember it, then certain evidence
       would be present. The fact that it is missing indicates that the
       memories are probably false. As mentioned above, this does not
       mean that survivors are lying; it means that their memories (which
       are very real to them) are of events that never happened.


   12.  BURIAL OF CORPSES

       There have been countless instances in which a SRA survivor has taken
       police investigators to the exact location where she saw bodies
       being buried after human sacrifices. The police search the area
       and sometimes bring in heavy earth moving machinery to help. At
       most, they will recover a few bones from animals who have died of
       natural causes. No bodies have ever been unearthed.
       
       SRA promoters will counter the lack of corpses with the assertion
       that the Satanists came back later, secretly dug up the bodies and
       buried them elsewhere. They would have done this in order to ruin
       the credibility of any member who turned against the "cult". But
       this theory does not hold water. One has to dig a pit in order to
       bury a body. And, even when the pit is filled in, it is still
       detectable - often for tens of thousands of years. The change in
       soil consistency between firm, compacted dirt and loose dirt is
       easily detected. Bacteria will grow quickly in loose earth and
       change the soil color significantly. So, even if the bodies are
       removed, the filled-in pits remain in place.


   13.  ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERIES BY POLICE OR FIRE FIGHTERS

       One would expect that a building somewhere where SRA was practiced
       would eventually catch on fire. The fire fighters would then find
       evidence (pens for holding victims, blood soaked altar, etc).
       Similarly, a SRA location would sooner or later be entered by the
       police in a drug raid, and evidence would be found. No such cases
       are known.


   14.  MAJOR GOVERNMENT STUDIES

       Investigations have been completed by four governments: the state of
       Virginia (1991), and the governments of Great Britain (1994), the
       Netherlands (1994) and the United States (1994). All have shown
       that SRA does not exist at any significant level in their
       jurisdictions.
       
       If SRA existed in any level, one would expect at least one
       government study somewhere would have found evidence of it.


   15.  GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SRA

       Belief about widespread SRA and a strong SRA industry exists only in
       countries, where belief of the reality of the Christian devil as
       an evil, active, person is widespread. These include the US,
       Canada, and England. With the possible exception of the
       Netherlands, "Satanic panics" have not been triggered in countries
       in which belief in the Satan is rare. They have fizzled in the
       rest of Europe.
       
       If SRA exists internationally, one would expect it to be present
       in all nominally Christian countries. The prevalence of SRA
       beliefs appear to be related to our beliefs about Satan rather
       than any objective reality.


   16.  WHERE DO THE HUMAN SACRIFICES COME FROM?

       There are about 25,000 known homicides in the US each year. SRA
       promoters typically claim that an additional 50,000 people, mostly
       infants, are killed in human sacrifices by Satanic (and similar)
       groups. Since the kidnapping of even one child can trigger a
       nation-wide search, it is difficult to comprehend how 50,000 could
       disappear and not be noticed.
       
       SRA promoters often answer this argument with the concept of
       breeding camps. These are concentration camps in which thousands
       of women are kept prisoner, and continually kept pregnant. Their
       new-born babies are then transported across the US and Canada for
       sacrifice. One such camp near Cornwall ON is supposed to imprison
       2,500 women. This would pose serious problems of concealment. Such
       a camp would be many times larger than the largest of Canadian
       penitentiaries, and would require a total staff of about 1000. Any
       of the staff could become instantly very rich by simply telling
       their story to the National Inquirer; it would be the story of the
       decade. Such a prison would be impossible to hide for long.
       
       SRA would require a plentiful supply of babies for sacrifice. No
       such supply exists.


   17.  GENDER IMBALANCE AMONG SRA PERPETRATORS

       The SRA industry promotes the concept that most abuse and programming
       is done by parents of survivors; i.e. by both mother and father.
       The abuse, torture and human sacrifices by Satanists (or other
       groups) is viewed as both:

         1. intra-family: involving the victim, her mother, her father
            and perhaps grand parents

         2. inter-family: involving a Satanic grotto composed of many
            mothers, fathers and their children.

       The perpetrators are thus evenly divided between men and women.
       
       However, the vast majority of sexual predators of children are
       male. Convicted pedophiles are almost all male; few females are
       ever involved. Thus the SRA industry's belief concerning the
       gender makeup of the perpetrators does not agree with decades of
       studies of sexual abusers.


   18.  INTER-GENERATIONAL CONTINUITY OF ABUSE

       The SRA industry promotes the concept that abuse is inter-generational
       in nature. That is that grandparents abuse their children who then
       grow up, become parents, and abuse their children, etc. Their
       belief is that SRA has existed for many decades, perhaps for
       centuries, and that one of the reasons for the abuse is to
       perpetuate the Satanic movement to include future generations.
       
       At the same time, they promote the concept that survivors of SRA
       (adults with memories of having been ritually abused as children)
       are not child abusers themselves. They believe that children of
       survivors are not at risk.
       
       These two concepts are mutually exclusive.


   19.  THE LACK OF CONTINUOUSLY PRESENT MEMORIES

       Adults who report memories of childhood incest fall into two groups:

         1. those who have recovered memories during therapy - memories
            which were not present before therapy

         2. those who have always had the memories - continuously from
            childhood to the present time
   
       Many professionals in the memory research and mental health fields
       suspect that many of the first group's memories are false.
       However, there are (sadly) plenty of people in the latter group
       who prove the existence of childhood incest, our most serious
       social problem.
       
       Adults who report memories of childhood SRA fall into the same two
       groups. But only three people are known to be the second group:
       Michelle Smith, Laurie Stratford and "Elaine". Michelle and Laurie
       wrote books about their abuse which have been shown to be frauds.
       Rebecca Brown wrote a book about Elaine which has also shown to be
       a hoax.
       
       If SRA really existed, one would expect that there would be
       thousands or tens of thousands of adults whose memories of
       childhood SRA were continuously with them - just like horrific
       memories of the Holocaust, Cambodian atrocities, etc have always
       been present in their victims. There seems to be no "always
       present" memories of SRA.


   20.  THE NATURE OF RECOVERED MEMORIES

       About 20% of adults who report memories of childhood incest recall
       being victims of SRA. As mentioned above, many professionals
       believe that these are false memories - memories of events that
       never happened.
       
       Analyzing the recovered memories of SRA reveals internal flaws:

          + In one area, a group of SRA survivors all reported human
            sacrifices in which the bodies were completely destroyed by
            burning in a bonfire. A skeptic later mentioned that fires
            are not hot enough to destroy the evidence: bones would
            remain behind. After a while, the survivors' stories changed.

            First one of them, and later all of them remembered bodies
            being destroyed in undertakers' crematorium. So the police
            staked out these crematoria and found no criminal activity
            was going on. After a while, the survivors' stories changed
            again. This time, they remembered that bodies were destroyed
            in mobile crematoria owned by the Satanists. These portable
            machines were hidden in caves and wheeled out during rituals.
            If SRA really exists, then one would expect the survivor's
            recovered childhood memories to be constant.

          + Survivors universally report very solemn Satanic ceremonies
            which are conducted without error or distraction. Nobody ever
            drops a ritual tool; nobody ever cracks a joke; nobody has
            problems lighting candles, etc. All rituals are perfect. If
            SRA really exists, then one would expect the memories to
            include very human errors, just as they occur in other
            religious settings.

          + A sizable proportion of survivors report that they were being
            trained to take over the role of Chief Priestess or Chief
            Priest of the Satanic group. However, it is commonly reported
            that such groups consist of 13 members. If SRA exists, then
            one would expect that fewer than 1 in 6 survivors would
            report this training; more than 5 out of 6 would be trained
            to become plain members.


   21.  SECRECY

       If SRA existed, then every high priest, high priestess, POM (plain
       ordinary member), and peripherally involved person would have
       sufficient information to blow the lid off of the most important
       news story of the century. He/she could probably make hundreds of
       thousands of dollars by selling their story to the media.
       
       This has never happened.


   22.  LACK OF SRA DOCUMENTATION PRIOR TO 1980

       There are no known 20th century SRA books or articles prior to the
       publishing of Michelle Remembers in 1980. If SRA has been
       practiced for many generations (or even centuries as many
       promoters of SRA believe) then someone should have come forward
       before 1980 to document their activities.
       
   --------------------------------------
   
  WHAT IS THE REALITY OF SRA?
  
   We conclude that SRA does not exist at any significant level. Ritual
   abuse is a very small problem when compared to the level of
   conventional (non-ritual) physical and sexual abuse of children
   (except of course to that rare individual who has been ritually
   abused).

     _________________________________________________________________
   
  WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF THE SRA INDUSTRY?
  
   Promoters are having an increasingly difficult task convincing people
   of the reality of SRA. 15 years have gone by since the publishing of
   Michelle Remembers, and there is still no hard evidence of any
   Satanic conspiracy. As memory researchers and members of the False
   Memory Syndrome Foundation demonstrate how false memories can be
   created in adults and children, we expect that the SRA scare will
   gradually fade. However, if

             * an example of hard evidence can be found, or

             * an adult can be found with always present memories of SRA
       
   then the SRA industry would be given a tremendous boost in
   credibility.
   
   Unfortunately, new victims are being created every day. Families
   continue to be destroyed as adult children recover false memories and
   accuse their parents of SRA. Children are sometimes removed from their
   families because of suspicions of SRA. Although they are later
   returned when the fears are found to be groundless, the parents live
   under a cloud of suspicion for the rest of their lives. This makes
   life difficult for followers of many minority, non-Christian
   religions, which are often confused with Satanists.
   
   The message being promoted by the SRA industry is changing. No longer
   are Satanists being exclusively fingered as the perpetrators.
   Followers of Neo-paganism, Native Spirituality, the New Age and dozens
   of other non-Christian religions are being accused. Even the Masonic
   Order, Quakers, men's service groups, 12 step programs and a variety
   of self-help groups have been named as perpetrators. Stories of
   "Manchurian Candidates" being created by the CIA are circulating. This
   is causing these unjustly accused groups to form defensive alliances.
   In the future, there will be many more challengers facing the SRA
   promoters.
   
   Rumours of human sacrifice and abuse have been with us for almost two
   millennia; it is doubtful that it will disappear overnight. It is
   expected that the SRA industry will increase in power during the
   latter part of the decade, as religious anticipation of the end of the
   world in the year 2000 reaches a fever pitch. However, the industry is
   expected to decline in power and influence by the year 2010. By that
   date, we expect that three decades will have passed without any hard
   evidence of SRA, and a consensus will be reached among mental health
   professionals about the lack of reality of many recovered memories.

     _________________________________________________________________
   
    INTERNET RESOURCES
    
   There are many self-help, Christian and other groups who believe in
   the widespread nature of Ritual Abuse and Satanic Ritual Abuse. You
   can consult:

                   http://www.xroads.com/rahome/rahome.html 

   for information from one group who believes this.
   
   A second resource is:

                   http://www.power.net/users/aia/ 

   Their home page describes SRA from a Christian perspective. They are 
   skeptical of SRA accounts. Their home page contains an excellent 
   review of the history of SRA beliefs and lists many indicators of 
   its non-existence.
   
   A more "middle of the road" page is

                   http://www.iccom.com/usrwww/jlquan/consolid.htm 

     _________________________________________________________________
   
    OTHER RESOURCES

    1. The Alliance for Magical and Earth Religions (AMER) has an on-line
       copy of the FBI report on the (non)existence of evil Satanic cults
       by Ken Lanning, titled "Investigator's Guide to Allegations of
       'Ritual' Child Abuse". See it at:
       
                   http://inner-sanctum.com/amer/abuse.html 

    2. G.S. Goodman et al "Characteristics & Sources of Allegations of
       Ritual Child Abuse", Clearing House on Child Abuse & Neglect
       Information, Suite 350, 3998 Fair Ridge Dr, Fairfax VA, 22033.
       [Free summary available by calling (703) 385-7565]

    3. John Earl, "The Dark Truth About the 'Dark Tunnels of McMartin'",
       Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, Vol. 7, #2, 1995 Spring,
       Institute for Psychological Therapies, 13200 Cannon City Blvd.,
       Northfield, MN 55057. An expose on the McMartin day care centre
       underground tunnel myth. $15 USF; $20 USF (foreign).

    4. Ellen Bass & Laura Davis, "The Courage to Heal, Harper Collins,
       New York NY, (1992). The book accepts all memories uncovered
       during recovered memory therapy as true.

    5. Paul & Shirley Eberle, "The Abuse of Innocence : The McMartin
       Preschool Trial", Prometheus Books (1993). ISBN: 0879758090. The
       authors attended the court sessions lasting over many years, and
       concluded that there was no case against the accused.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Portions of this document were extracted from information sheets
   provided by the Wiccan Information Network. Used by permission.
     _________________________________________________________________

[reformatted: nagasiva  ]
[original URL: http://web.canlink.com/ocrt/ocrt_hp.htm ]