From Qmaster@aol.com Thu Jul  7 20:34:56 1994
Date: Thu, 07 Jul 94 14:16:00 EDT
From: Qmaster@aol.com
Reply to: fap@world.std.com
To: FAP@world.std.com
Subject: Publication 7277-Disarmament (2-4)

---Begin 2---
                              SECOND STAGE

The second stage contains a series of measures which would bring within 
sight a world in which there would be freedom from war. Implementation 
of all measures in the second stage would mean:

Further substantial reductions in the armed forces, armaments, and 
military establishments of states, including strategic nuclear weapons 
delivery vehicles and countering weapons;

Further development of methods for the peaceful settlement of disputes 
under the United Nations;

Establishment of a permanent international peace force within the United 
Nations;

Depending on the findings of an Experts Commission, a halt in the 
production of chemical, bacteriological, and radiological weapons and a 
reduction of existing stocks or their conversion to peaceful uses;

On the basis of the findings of an Experts Commission, a reduction of 
stocks of nuclear weapons;

The dismantling or the conversion to peaceful uses of certain military 
bases and facilities wherever located; and

The strengthening and enlargement of the International Disarmament 
Organization to enable it to verify the steps taken in Stage II and to 
determine the transition to Stage III.

                              THIRD STAGE

During the third stage of the program, the states of the world, building 
on the experience and confidence gained in successfully implementing the 
measures of the first two stages, would take final steps toward the goal 
of a world in which:

States would retain only those forces, non-nuclear armaments, and 
establishments required for the purpose of maintaining internal order; 
they would also support and provide agreed manpower for a U.N. Peace 
Force.

The U.N. Peace Force, equipped with agreed types and quantities of 
armaments, would be fully functioning.

The peace keeping capabilities of the United nations would be 
sufficiently strong and the obligations of all states under such 
arrangements sufficiently far-reaching as to assure peace and the just 
settlement of differences in a disarmed world.


                                APPENDIX


                       DECLARATION ON DISARMAMENT
 
                     THE UNITED STATES PROGRAM FOR
                     GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMA-
                        MENT IN A PEACEFUL WORLD


The nations of the world,

Conscious of the crisis in human history produced by the revolutionary 
development of modern weapons within a world divided by serious 
ideological differences;

Determined to save present and succeeding generations from the scourge 
of war and the dangers and burdens of the arms race and to create 
conditions in which all peoples can strive freely and peacefully to 
fulfill their basic aspirations;

Declare their goal to be: A free, secure, and peaceful world of 
independent states adhering to common standards of justice and 
international conduct and subjecting the use of force to the rule of 
law; a world where adjustment to change takes place in accordance with 
the principles of the United Nations; a world where there shall be a 
permanent state of general and complete disarmament under effective 
international control and where the resources of nations shall be 
devoted of man's material, cultural, and spiritual advance;

Set forth as the objectives of a program of general and complete 
disarmament in a peaceful world:

(a) The disbanding of all national armed forces and the prohibition of 
their reestablishment in any form whatsoever other than those required 
of preserve internal order and for contributions to a United Nations 
Peace Force;

(b) the elimination from national arsenals of all armaments, including 
all weapons of mass destruction and the means for their delivery, other 
than those required for a United Nations Peace Force and for maintaining 
internal order;

(c) The establishment and effective operation within the framework of 
the United Nations to ensure compliance at all times with all 
disarmament obligations;

(d) The institution of effective means for the enforcement of 
international agreements, for the settlement of disputes, and for the 
maintenance of peace in accordance with the principles of the United 
Nations.


Call on the negotiating states:

(a) To develop the outline program set forth below into an agreed plan 
for general and complete disarmament and to continue their efforts 
without interruption until the whole program has been achieved;

(b) To this end to seek to attain the widest possible area of agreement 
at the earliest possible date;

(c) Also to seek - without prejudice to progress on the disarmament 
program - agreement on those immediate measures that would contribute to 
the common security of nations and that could facilitate and form a part 
of that program.

Affirm that disarmament negotiations should be guided by the following 
principles:

(a) Disarmament shall take place as rapidly as possible until it is 
completed in stages containing balanced, phased and safe-guarded 
measures, with each measure and stage to be carried out in an agreed 
period of time.

(b) Compliance with all disarmament obligations shall be effectively 
verified from their entry into force. Verification arrangements shall be 
instituted progressively and in such a manner as to verify not only that 
agreed limitations or reductions take place but also that retained armed 
forces and armaments do not exceed agreed levels at any stage.

(c) Disarmament shall take place in a manner that will not affect 
adversely the security of any state, whether or not a party to an 
international agreement or treaty.

(d) As stated relinquish their arms, the United Nations shall be 
progressively strengthened in order to improve its capacity to assure 
international security and the peaceful settlement of differences as 
will as to facilitate the development of international cooperation an 
common tasks for the benefit of mankind.

(e) Transition from one stage of disarmament to the next shall take 
place as soon as all the measures in the preceding stage have been 
carried out and effective verification is continuing and as soon as the 
arrangements that have been agreed to be necessary for the next stage 
have been instituted.

Agree upon the following outline program for achieving general and 
complete disarmament:

                                STAGE I

A. To Establish an International Disarmament Organization:

(a) An International Disarmament Organization (IDO) shall be established 
within the framework of the United Nations upon entry into force of the 
agreement. Its functions shall be expanded progressively as required for 
the effective verification of the disarmament program.


(b) The IDO shall have: (1) a General Conference of all the parties; (2) 
a Commission consisting of representatives of all the major powers as 
permanent members as permanent members and certain other states on a 
rotating basis; and (3) an Administrator who will administer the 
Organization subject to the direction of the Commission and who will 
have the authority, staff, and finances adequate to assure effective 
impartial implementation of the functions of the Organization.

(c) The IDO shall: (1) ensure compliance with the obligations undertaken 
by verifying the execution of measures agreed upon; (2) assist the 
states in developing the details of agreed further verification and 
disarmament measures; (3) provide for the establishment of such bodies 
as may be necessary for working out the details of further measures 
provided for in the program and for such other expert study groups as 
may be required to give continuous study to the problems of disarmament; 
(4) receive reports on the progress of disarmament and verification 
arrangements and determine the transition from one stage to the next.

B. To Reduce Armed Forces and Armaments:

(a) Force levels shall be limited to 2.1 million each for the U.S. and 
U.S.S.R. and to appropriate levels not exceeding 2.1 million each for 
all other militarily significant states. Reductions to the agreed levels 
will proceed by equitable, proportionate, and verified steps.

(b) Levels of armaments of prescribed types shall be reduced by 
equitable and balanced steps. The reductions shall be accomplished by 
transfers of armaments to depots supervised by the IDO. When, at 
specified periods during the Stage I reduction process, the states party 
to the agreement have agreed that the armaments and armed forces are at 
prescribed levels, the armaments in depots shall be destroyed or 
converted to peaceful uses.

(c) The production of agreed types of armaments shall be limited.

(d) A Chemical, Biological, Radiological (CBR) Experts Commission shall 
be established within the IDO for the purpose of examining and reporting 
on the feasibility and means for accomplishing the verifiable reduction 
and eventual elimination of CBR weapons stockpiles and the halting of 
their production.

C. To Contain and Reduce the Nuclear Threat:

(a) States that have not acceded to a treaty effectively prohibiting the 
testing of nuclear weapons shall do so.

(b) The production of fissionable materials for use in weapons shall be 
stopped.

(c) Upon the cessation of production of fissionable materials for use in 
weapons, agreed initial quantities of fissionable materials from past 
production shall be transferred to non-weapons purposes.

(d) Any fissionable materials transferred between countries for peaceful 
uses of nuclear energy shall be subject to appropriate safeguards to be 
developed in agreement with the IAEA.


(e) States owning nuclear weapons shall not relinquish control of such 
weapons to any nation not owning them and shall not transmit to any such 
nation information or material necessary for their manufacture. States 
not owning nuclear weapons shall not manufacture such weapons, attempt 
to obtain control of such weapons belonging to other states, or seek or 
receive information or materials necessary for their manufacture.

(f) A Nuclear Experts Commission consisting of representatives of the 
nuclear states shall be established within the IDO for the purpose of 
examining and reporting on the feasibility and means for accomplishing 
the verified reduction and eventual elimination of nuclear weapons 
stockpiles.

D. To Reduce Strategic Nuclear Weapons Delivery Vehicles:

(a) Strategic nuclear weapons delivery vehicles in specified categories 
and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles shall be 
reduced to agreed levels by equitable and balanced steps. The reduction 
shall be accomplished in each step by transfer to depots supervised by 
the IDO of vehicles that are in excess of levels agreed upon for each 
step. At specified periods during the Stage I reduction process, the 
vehicles that have been placed under supervision of the IDO shall be 
destroyed or converted to peaceful uses.

(b) Production of agreed categories of strategic nuclear weapons 
delivery vehicles and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such 
vehicles shall be discontinued or limited.

(c) Testing of agreed categories of strategic nuclear weapons delivery 
vehicles and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles 
shall be limited or halted.

E. To Promote the Peaceful Use of Outer Space:

(a) The placing into orbit or stationing in outer space of weapons 
capable of producing mass destruction shall be prohibited.

(b) States shall give advance notification to participating states and 
to the IDO of launchings of space vehicles and missiles, together with 
the track of the vehicle.

F. To reduce the Risks of War by Accident, Miscalculation, and Surprise  
   Attack:

(a) States shall give advance notification to the participating states 
and to the IDO of major military movements and maneuvers, on a scale as 
may be agreed, which might give rise to misinterpretation or cause alarm 
and induce countermeasures. The notification shall include the 
geographic areas to be used and the nature, scale and time span of the 
event.

(b) There shall be established observation posts at such locations as 
major ports, railway centers, motor highways, and air bases to report on 
concentrations and movements of military forces.

(c) There shall also be established such additional inspection 
arrangements to reduce the danger of surprise attack as may be agreed.


(d) An international commission shall be established immediately within 
the IDO to examine and make recommendations of the possibility of 
further measures to reduce the risks of nuclear war by accident, 
miscalculation, or failure of communication.

G. To Keep the Peace:

(a) States shall reaffirm their obligations under the U.N. Charter to 
refrain from the threat or use of any type of armed force - including 
nuclear, conventional, or CBR - contrary to the principles of the U.N. 
Charter.

(b) States shall agree to refrain from indirect aggression and 
subversion against any country.

(c) States shall use all appropriate processes for the peaceful 
settlement of disputes and shall seek within the United Nations further 
arrangements for the peaceful settlement of international disputes and 
for the codification and progressive development of international law.

(d) States shall develop arrangements in Stage I for the establishment 
in Stage II of a U.N. Peace Force.

(e) A U.N. peace observation group shall be staffed with a standing 
cadre of observers who could be despatched to investigate any situation 
which might constitute a threat to or breach of the peace.

---End 2---


QMaster@aol.com

***Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction?  Shall we acquire
the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs, and hugging
the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and
foot? 
                                 GOD FORBID!
                                   Patrick Henry, St. Johns Church, Richmond
VA., 3/23/1775***