From jhdaugh@a-albionic.comMon Mar 20 20:28:17 1995
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 1995 05:51:36 -0500
From: James Daugherty
To: New Paradigms Discussion
Cc: Against Constitutional Terrorism
Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy, alt.illuminati, alt.politics.usa.constitution,
alt.politics.libertarian
Subject: A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
Posted for information only, as a warning not as an endorsement!
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Their plans are ready! Are you!
-------------James Daugherty, Postmaster of A-alalbionic Research
Here it comes...
A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
As Amended At The World Constituent Assembly In Troia, Portugal 1991
Now being circulated worldwide for ratification by the nations and people
of earth
Quote from Benjamin Franklin at the close of the U.S. Constitutional
Convention in 1787
"I doubt, too, whether any other Convention we can obtain may be able to
make a better constitution. For when you assemble a number of men to have
the advantage of their joint wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those men
all their prejudices, their passions, their errors of opinion, their local
interests and their selfish views. From such an assembly can a perfect
production be expected? It therefore astonishes our enemies, who are
waiting with confidence to hear that our councils are confounded, like those
of the builders of Babel... Thus I consent to this constitution, because I
expect no better, and because I am not sure that it is not the best. The
opinions I have had of its errors I sacrifice to the public good... I hope
therefore, that for our own sakes, as a part of the people, and for the sake
of posterity, we shall act heartily and unanimously in recommending this
Constitution wherever our influence may extend, and turn our future thoughts
and endeavors to the means of having it well administered."
Distribution for ratification under the direction of the World Constitution
and Parliament Association and the Global Ratification and Elections
Network. 1480 Hoyt Street, Suite 31 / Lakewood, Colorado 80215 / USA
Phone 303-233-3548 Fax 303-526-0463
CALL to the GLOBAL RATIFICATION and ELECTIONS CAMPAIGN
In the course of history, particularly during the past several hundred
years, the technique of a Constituent Assembly has been developed and used
under various circumstances as a means to devise the constitutions for
democratic governments, either to create new governments where none existed
before or to replace old or crumbling governments under both peaceful and
revolutionary situations.
Sometimes such assemblies have been appointed by existing governments.
At other times, under the most favorable circumstances, such assemblies have
been elected by vote of established electorates. But at other times such
assemblies have been composed and convened under circumstances where only a
limited number of people of the country or areas involved actually took part
in the selection of delegates. Only a small minority of any electorate
might actually participate during the time when a new democratic government
is emerging under conditions of revolution from tyranny or of political
turmoil or urgent crises; or in the absence of any organized political
system which was willing or able to supervise a vote of the total potential
electorate for such an assembly or newly emerging democratic government.
It is under the later kind of circumstances that the move has gone
forward during the years since World War II for the organization of a World
Constituent Assembly to devise the constitution for a democratic form of
federal world government. No previous world government or competent world
authority has existed to organize or supervise elections to such a World
Constituent Assembly. No universally approved electoral lists exist for the
conduct of such elections. Existing national governments heretofore have
proved unwilling or uninterested or hostile or otherwise unable to assist in
either the appointment or election of working delegates to such a World
Constituent Assembly, despite numerous appeals -- although these appeals are
continuing.
Under the existing circumstances of global anarchy, of political turmoil
in many parts of the world, of the suppression or non-functioning of
democratic electoral procedures in many parts of the world, as well as of
the unprecedented urgencies of many growing world-wide crises requiring
extra-ordinary measures if humanity is to survive, action has been organized
by the World Constitution and Parliament Association -- as well as by other
organizations and groups since 1945 -- to attempt to convene World
Constituent Assemblies for the purposes of preparing a constitution for
democratic federal world government, and of securing the acceptance and
ratification of such a world constitution.
Under these circumstances, the World Constitution and Parliament
Association does not claim to have organized a World Constituent Assembly
composed of delegates fully representative of and elected by the full
potential electorate for such an assembly or for the subsequent world
parliament which may emerge. The only claim made is that the delegates and
volunteer participants in the four sessions of the World Constituent
Assembly are composed of and are representative of those people and elements
of society scattered around the globe who are ready, willing and able to
move constructively under crises circumstances to devise a Constitution for
Democratic Federal World Government, and to launch the first efforts to
obtain widespread consideration and ratification and the beginnings of
implementation of such a World Constitution.
Under these circumstances, we believe there have been convened four
sessions of a World Constituent Assembly -- the first in August-September,
1968, at Interlaken, Switzerland, and Wolfach, Germany; the second in June,
1977, at Innsbruck, Austria; the third in 1978-79 at Colombo, Sri Lanka;
and the fourth Assembly in Troia, Portugal, in May 1991.
Finally, these sessions of a World Constituent Assembly are fully
consonant with the respected theory that democratic government arises from
the initiative and consent of the people who will be the citizens under that
government, that people at all times have the democratic right and
prerogative to discharge or change any governments which do not adequately
serve their welfare, and to initiate new governments when urgently required
to their safety or welfare. No superior authority exists at any time to
this basic right of people to initiate such action; and in particular, no
authority superior to action by people exists for the organization and
functioning of a World Constituent Assembly or a democratic World
Parliament.
Therefore, let us go forward with a GLOBAL RATIFICATION and ELECTIONS
CAMPAIGN, appealing to people and governments to ratify the Constitution for
the Federation of Earth which has been produced by these four sessions of
the World Constituent Assembly.
We call upon the people of Earth to ratify the Constitution for the
Federation of Earth, by direct Referendum and by Initiative Petition
followed by election of delegates to the House of Peoples.
We call upon the national governments and legislatures of the world to
ratify the Constitution for the Federation of Earth and elect delegates to
the House of Nations.
We call upon the Universities, Colleges and Churches, Scientific
Academies and Institutes to ratify the Constitution for the Federation of
Earth and nominate delegates with a world view as candidates for election to
the Hose of Counsellors.
Let us move forward with courage and humility in the spirit in which
these sessions of the World Constituent Assembly have been conceived,
knowing that we are fully justified by the circumstances of world crises,
the conditions of world-wide political turmoil and de facto global anarchy,
and the recognized right and authority of people to act in the creation of
democratic forms of government to serve their safety and welfare, as
provided by the Constitution for the Federation of Earth. Although time may
reveal the need for some amendments to this Constitution, it has been
prepared by a broad global representation of qualified people and it is
ready for ratification and implementation now. So let us build on this
solid base which has been prepared over the last 25 years and unite our
energies in achieving ratification and implementation.
(A major portion of this statement, under title of RATIONALE FOR WORLD
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, was adopted at the Third session of the World
Constituent Assembly meeting at Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 29 December 1978,
to 6 January, 1979.)
A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
Contents
Preamble
Article I Broad Functions of the World Government....................1
Article II Basic Structure of World Federation and World Government...1
Article III Organs of the World Government.............................2
Article IV Grant of Specific Powers to the World Government...........2
Article V The World Parliament.......................................4
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Parliament..............4
Sec. B Composition of the World Parliament.......................5
Sec. C The House of Peoples......................................5
Sec. D The House of Nations......................................5
Sec. E The House of Counsellors..................................6
Sec. F Procedures of the World Parliament........................6
Article VI The World Executive........................................7
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Executive...............7
Sec. B Composition of the World Executive........................8
Sec. C The Presidium.............................................8
Sec. D The Executive Cabinet.....................................8
Sec. E Procedures of the World Executive.........................9
Sec. F Limitations on the World Executive........................9
Article VII The World Administration...................................9
Sec. A Functions of the World Administration.....................9
Sec. B Structure and Procedures of the World Administration......10
Sec. B-5 and 6: Secretary General of the Administration.............10
Sec. C Departments of the World Adminstration....................11
Article VIII The Integrative Complex....................................11
Sec. A Definition................................................11
Sec. B The World Civil Service Administration....................12
Sec. C The World Boundaries and Elections Administration.........12
Sec. D Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems...13
Sec. E The Agency for Research and Planning......................13
Sec. F The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment.14
Sec. G The World Financial Administration........................15
Sec. H Commission for Legislative Review.........................16
Article IX The World Judiciary........................................16
Sec. A Jurisdiction of the World Supreme Court...................16
Sec. B Benches of the World Supreme Court........................16
Sec. C Seats of the World Supreme Court..........................17
Sec. D The Collegium of World Judges.............................17
Sec. E The Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court..........18
Article X The Enforcement System.....................................18
Sec. A Basic Principles..........................................18
Sec. B The Structure for Enforcement.............................19
Sec. C The World Police..........................................20
Sec. D The Means of Enforcement..................................20
Article XI The World Ombudsmus........................................21
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Ombudsmus...............21
Sec. B Composition of the World Ombudsmus........................21
Article XII Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth...................22
Article XIII Directive Principles for the World Government..............23
Article XIV Safeguards and Reservations................................24
Article XV World Federal Zones and the World Capitals.................24
Article XVI World Territories and Exterior Relations...................25
Article XVII Ratification and Implementation............................26
Sec. A Ratification of the World Constitution....................26
Sec. B Stages of Implementation..................................27
Sec. C First Operative Stage of World Government.................27
Sec. D Second Operative Stage of World Government................29
Sec. E Full Operative Stage of World Government..................30
Sec. F Costs of Ratification.....................................31
Article XVIII Amendments.................................................31
Article XIX Provisional World Government...............................32
Sec. A Actions to be Taken by the World Constituent Assembly.....32
Sec. B Work of the Preparatory Commissions.......................32
Sec. C Composition of the Provisional World Parliament...........33
Sec. D Formation of the Provisional World Executive..............34
Sec. E First Actions of the Provisional World Government.........34
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PREAMBLE
Realizing that Humanity today has come to a turning point in history and
that we are on the threshold of an new world order which promises to usher
in an era of peace, prosperity, justice and harmony;
Aware of the interdependence of people, nations and all life;
Aware that man's abuse of science and technology has brought Humanity to
the brink of disaster through the production of horrendous weaponry of mass
destruction and to the brink of ecological and social catastrophe;
Aware that the traditional concept of security through military defense is
a total illusion both for the present and for the future;
Aware of the misery and conflicts caused by ever increasing disparity
between rich and poor;
Conscious of our obligation to posterity to save Humanity from imminent
and total annihilation;
Conscious that Humanity is One despite the existence of diverse nations,
races, creeds, ideologies and cultures and that the principle of unity in
diversity is the basis for a new age when war shall be outlawed and peace
prevail; when the earth's total resources shall be equitably used for
human welfare; and when basic human rights and responsibilities shall be
shared by all without discrimination;
Conscious of the inescapable reality that the greatest hope for the survival
of life on earth is the establishment of a democratic world government;
We, citizens of the world, hereby resolve to establish a world federation to
be governed in accordance with this constitution for the Federation of
Earth.
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A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
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page 1
ARTICLE I Broad Functions of the World Government
The broad functions of the Federation of Earth shall be:
1. To prevent war, secure disarmament, and resolve territorial and other
disputes which endanger peace and human rights.
2. To protect universal human rights, including life, liberty, security,
democracy, and equal opportunities in life.
3. To obtain for all people on earth the conditions required for equitable
economic and social development and for diminishing social differences.
4. To regulate world trade, communications, transportation, currency,
standards, use of world resources, and other global and international
processes.
5. To protect the environment and the ecological fabric of life from all
sources of damage, and to control technological innovations whose effects
transcend national boundaries, for the purpose of keeping Earth a safe,
healthy and happy home for humanity.
6. To devise and implement solutions to all problems which are beyond the
capacity of national governments, or which are now or may become of
global or international concern or consequence.
Article II Basic Structure of World Federation and World Government
1. The Federation of Earth shall be organized as a universal federation, to
include all nations and all people, and to encompass all oceans, seas and
lands of Earth, inclusive of non-self governing territories, together
with the surrounding atmosphere.
2. The World Government for the Federation of Earth shall be non-military
and shall be democratic in its own structure, with ultimate sovereignty
residing in all the people who live on Earth.
3. The authority and powers granted to the World Government shall be limited
to those defined in this Constitution for the Federation of Earth,
applicable to problems and affairs which transcend national boundaries,
leaving to national governments jurisdiction over the internal affairs of
the respective nations but consistent with the authority of the World
Government to protect universal human rights as defined in this World
Constitution.
4. The basic direct electoral and administrative units of the World
Government shall be World Electoral and Administrative Districts. A
total of not more than 1000 World Electoral and Administrative Districts
shall be defined, and shall be nearly equal in population, within the
limits of plus or minus ten percent.
5. Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Districts shall be combined
as may be appropriate to compose a total of twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions for the following purposes, but not limited
thereto: for the election or appointment of certain world government
officials; for administrative purposes; for composing various organs of
the world government as enumerated in Article IV; for the functioning of
the Judiciary, the Enforcement System, and the Ombudsmus, as well as for
the functioning of any other organ or agency of the World Government.
6. The World Electoral and Administrative Regions may be composed of a
variable number of World Electoral and Administrative Districts, taking
into consideration geographic, cultural, ecological and other factors as
well as population.
7. Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped
together in pairs to compose Magna-Regions.
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page 2
8. The boundaries for World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall not
cross the boundaries of the World Electoral and Administrative Districts,
and shall be common insofar as feasible for the various administrative
departments and for the several organs and agencies of the World
Government. Boundaries for the World Electoral and Administrative
Districts as well as for the Regions need not conform to existing
national boundaries, but shall conform as far as practicable.
9. The World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped to
compose at least five Continental Divisions of the Earth, for the
election or appointment of certain world government officials, and for
certain aspects of the composition and functioning of the several organs
and agencies of the World Government as specified hereinafter. The
boundaries of Continental Divisions shall not cross existing national
boundaries as far as practicable. Continental Divisions may be composed
of a variable number of World Electoral and Administrative Regions.
Article III Organs of the World Government
The organs of the World Government shall be:
1. The World Parliament.
2. The World Executive.
3. The World Administration.
4. The Integrative Complex.
5. The World Judiciary.
6. The Enforcement System.
7. The World Ombudsmus.
Article IV Grant of Specific Powers to the World Government
The powers of the World government to be exercised through its several
organs and agencies shall comprise the following:
1. Prevent wars and armed conflicts among the nations, regions, districts,
parts and peoples of Earth.
2. Supervise disarmament and prevent re-armament; prohibit and eliminate the
design, testing, manufacture, sale, purchase, use and possession of
weapons of mass destruction, and prohibit or regulate all lethal weapons
which the World Parliament may decide.
3. Prohibit incitement to war, and discrimination against or defamation of
conscientious objectors.
4. Provide the means for peaceful and just solutions of disputes and
conflicts among or between nations, peoples, and/or other components
within the Federation of Earth.
5. Supervise boundary settlements and conduct plebiscites as needed.
6. Define the boundaries for the districts, regions and divisions which are
established for electoral, administrative, judicial and other purposes
of the World Government.
7. Define and regulate procedures for the nomination and election of the
members of each House of the World Parliament, and for the nomination,
election, appointment and employment of all World Government officials
and personnel.
8. Codify world laws, including the body of international law developed
prior to adoption of the world constitution, but not inconsistent
therewith, and which is approved by the World Parliament.
9. Establish universal standars for weights, measurements, accounting and
records.
10.Provide assistance in the event of large scale calamities, including
drouth, famine, pestilence, flood, earthquake, hurricane, ecological
disruptions and other disasters.
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page 3
11.Guarantee and enforce the civil liberties and the basic human rights
which are defined in the Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth which
is made a part of this World Constitution under Article XII.
12.Define standards and promote the worldwide improvement in working
conditions, nutrition, health, housing, human settlements, environmental
conditions, education, economic security, and other conditions defined
under Article XIII of this World Constitution.
13.Regulate and supervise international transportation, communications,
postal services, and migrations of people.
14.Regulate and supervise supra-national trade, industry, corporations,
businesses, cartels, professional services, labor supply, finances,
investments and insurance.
15.Secure and supervise the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers
among nations, but with provisions to prevent or minimize hardship for
those previously protected by tariffs.
16.Raise the revenues and funds, by direct and/or indirect means, which are
necessary for the purposes and activities of the World Government.
17.Establish and operate world financial, banking, credit and insurance
institutions designed to serve human needs; establish, issue and regulate
world currency, credit and exchange.
18.Plan for and regulate the development, use, conservation and re-cycling
of the natural resources of Earth as the common heritage of Humanity;
protect the environment in every way for the benefit of both present and
future generations.
19.Create and operate a World Economic Development Organization to serve
equitably the needs of all nations and people included within the World
Federation.
20.Develop and implement solutions to transnational problems of food supply,
agricultural production, soil fertility, soil conservation, pest control,
diet, nutrition, drugs and poisons, and the disposal of toxic wastes.
21.Develop and implement means to control population growth in relation to
the life-support capacities of Earth, and solve problems of population
distribution.
22.Develop, protect, regulate and conserve the water supplies of Earth;
develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational irrigation and other
water supply and control projects; assure equitable allocation of trans-
national water supplies, and protect against adverse trans-national
effects of water or moisture diversion or weather control projects within
national boundaries.
23.Own, administer and supervise the development and conservation of the
oceans and sea-beds of Earth and all resources thereof, and protect from
damage.
24.Protect from damage, and control and supervise the uses of the atmosphere
of Earth.
25.Conduct inter-planetary and cosmic explorations and research; have
exclusive jurisdiction over the Moon and over all satellites launched
from Earth.
26.Establish, operate and/or coordinate global air lines, ocean transport
systems, international railways and highways, global communication
systems, and means for interplanetary travel and communications; control
and administer vital waterways.
27.Develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational power systems, or
networks of small units, integrating into the systems or networks power
derived from the sun, wind, water, tides, heat differentials, magnetic
forces, and any other source of safe, ecologically sound and continuing
energy supply.
28.Control the mining, production, transportation and use of fossil sources
of energy to the extent necessary to reduce and prevent damages to the
environment and the ecology, as well as to prevent conflicts and conserve
supplies for sustained use by succeeding generations.
29.Exercise exclusive jurisdiction and control over nuclear energy research
and testing and nuclear power production, including the right to prohibit
any form of testing or production considered hazardous.
30.Place under world controls essential natural resources which may be
limited or unevenly distributed about the Earth. Find and implement ways
to reduce wastes and find ways to minimize disparities when development
or production is insufficient to supply everybody with all that may be
needed.
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page 4
31.Provide for the examination and assessment of technological innovations
which are or may be of supranational consequence, to determine possible
hazards or perils to humanity or the environment; institute such controls
and regulations of technology as may be found necessary to prevent or
correct widespread hazards or perils to human health and welfare.
32.Carry out intensive programs to develop safe alternatives to any
technology or technological processes which may be hazardous to the
environment, the ecological system, or human health and welfare.
33.Resolve supra-national problems caused by gross disparities in
technological development or capability, capital formation, availability
of natural resources, educational opportunity, economic opportunity, and
wage and price differentials. Assist the processes of technology
transfer under conditions which safeguard human welfare and the
environment and contribute to minimizing disparities.
34.Intervene under procedures to be defined by the World Parliament in cases
of either intra-state violence and intra-state problems which seriously
affect world peace or universal human rights.
35.Develop a world university system. Obtain the correction of prejudicial
communicative materials which cause misunderstandings or conflicts due to
differences of race, religion, sex, national origin or affiliation.
36.Organize, coordinate and/or administer a voluntary, non-military World
Service Corps, to carry out a wide variety of projects designed to serve
human welfare.
37.Designate as may be found desirable an official world language or
official world languages.
38.Establish and operate a system of world parks, wild life preserves,
natural places, and wilderness areas.
39.Define and establish procedures for initiative and referendum by the
Citizens of Earth on matters of supra-national legislation not prohibited
by this World Constitution.
40.Establish such departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes,
corporations, administrations, or agencies as may by needed to carry out
any and all of the functions and powers of the World Government.
41.Serve the needs of humanity in any and all ways which are now, or may
prove in the future to be, beyond the capacity of national and local
governments.
Article V The World Parliament
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Parliament
The functions and powers of the World Parliament shall comprise the
following:
1. To prepare and enact detailed legislation in all areas of authority and
jurisdiction granted to the World Government under Article IV of this
World Constitution.
2. To amend or repeal world laws as may be found necessary or desirable.
3. To approve, amend or reject the international laws developed prior to the
advent of World Government, and to codify and integrate the system of
world law and world legislation under the World Government.
4. To establish such regulations and directions as may be needed, consistent
with this world constitution, for the proper functioning of all organs,
branches, departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes, agencies or
parts of the World Government.
5. To review, amend and give final approval to each budget for the World
Government, as submitted by the World Executive; to devise the specific
means for directly raising funds needed to fulfill the budget, including
taxes, licenses, fees, globally accounted social and public costs which
must be added into the prices for goods and services, loans and credit
advances, and any other appropriate means; and to appropriate and
allocate funds for all operations and functions of the World Government
in accordance with approved budgets, but subject to the right of the
Parliament to revise any appropriation not yet spent or contractually
committed.
6. To create, alter, abolish or consolidate the departments, bureaus,
commissions, institutes, agencies or other parts of the World Government
as may be needed for the best functioning of the several organs of the
World Government, subject to the specific provisions of this World
Constitution.
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page 5
7. To approve the appointments of the heads of all major departments,
commissions, offices, agencies and other parts of the several organs of
the World Government, except those chosen by electoral or civil service
procedures.
8. To remove from office for cause any member of the World Executive, and
any elective or appointive head of any organ, department, office, agency
or other part of the World Government, subject to the specific provisions
in this World Constitution concerning specific offices.
9. To define and revise the boundaries of the World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative Regions
and Magna Regions, and the Continental Divisions.
10.To schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World
Constitution which require implementation by stages during the several
stages of Provisional World Government, First Operative Stage of World
Government, Second Operative Stage of World Government, and Full
Operative Stage of World Government, as defined in Articles XVII and XIX
of this World Constitution.
11.To plan and schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World
Constitution which may require a period of years to be accomplished.
Sec. B Composition of the World Parliament
1. The World Parliament shall be composed of three houses, designated as
follows:
o The House of Peoples, to represent the people of Earth directly and
equally;
o The House of Nations, to represent the nations which are joined together
in the Federation of Earth; and a
o House of Counsellors with particular functions to represent the highest
good and best interests of humanity as a whole.
2. All members of the World Parliament, regardless of House, shall be
designated as Members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C The House of Peoples
1. The House of Peoples shall be composed of the peoples delegates directly
elected in proportion to population from the World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, as defined in Article II-4.
2. Peoples delegates shall be elected by universal adult suffrage, open to
all persons of age 18 and above.
3. One peoples delegate shall be elected from each World Electoral and
Administrative District to serve a five year term in the House of
Peoples. Peoples delegates may be elected to serve successive terms
without limit. Each peoples delegate shall have one vote.
4. A candidate for election to serve as a peoples delegate must be at least
21 years of age, a resident for at least one year of the electoral
district from which the candidate is seeking election, and shall take a
pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. D The House of Nations
1. The House of Nations shall be composed of national delegates elected or
appointed by procedures to be determined by each national government on
the following basis:
a) One national delegate from each nation of at least 100,000 population,
but less than 10,000,000 population.
b) Two national delegates from each nation of at least 10,000,000
population, but less than 100,000,000 population.
c) Three national delegates from each nation of 100,000,000 population or
more.
2. Nations of less than 100,000 population may join in groups with other
nations for purposes of representation in the House of Nations.
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page 6
3. National delegates shall be elected or appointed to serve for terms of
five years, and may be elected or appointed to serve successive terms
without limit. Each national delegate shall have one vote.
4. Any person to serve as a national delegate shall be a citizen for at
least two years of the nation to be represented, must be at least 21
years of age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. E The House of Counsellors
1. The House of Counsellors shall be composed of 200 counsellors chosen in
equal numbers from nominations submitted from the twenty World Electoral
and Administrative Regions, as defined in Article II-5 and II-6, ten from
each Region.
2. Nominations for members of the House of Counsellors shall be made by the
teachers and students of universities and colleges and of scientific
academies and institutes within each world electoral and administrative
region. Nominees may be persons who are off campus in any walk of life
as well as on campus.
3. Nominees to the House of Counsellors from each World Electoral and
Administrative Region shall, by vote taken among themselves, reduce the
number of nominees to no less than two times and no more than three times
the number to be elected.
4. Nominees to serve as members of the House of Counsellors must be at least
25 years of age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity. There
shall be no residence requirement, and a nominee need not be a resident
of the region from which nominated or elected.
5. The members of the House of Counsellors from each region shall be elected
by the members of the other two houses of the World Parliament from the
particular region.
6. Counsellors shall be elected to serve terms of ten years. One-half of
the members of the House of Counsellors shall be elected every five
years. Counsellors may serve successive terms without limit. Each
Counsellor shall have one vote.
Sec. F Procedures of the World Parliament
1. Each house of the World Parliament during its first session after general
elections shall elect a panel of five chairpersons from among its own
members, one from each of five Continental Divisions. The chairpersons
shall rotate annually so that each will serve for one year as chief
presiding officer, while the other four serve as vice-chairpersons.
2. The panels of Chairpersons from each House shall meet together, as
needed, for the purpose of coordinating the work of the Houses of the
World Parliament, both severally and jointly.
3. Any legislative measure or action may be initiated in either House of
Peoples or House of Nations or both concurrently, and shall become
effective when passed by a simple majority vote of both the House of
Peoples and of the House of Nations, except in those cases where an
absolute majority vote or other voting majority is specified in this
World Constitution.
4. In case of deadlock on a measure initiated in either the House of Peoples
or House of Nations, the measure shall then automatically go to the House
of Counsellors for decision by simple majority vote of the House of
Counsellors, except in the cases where other majority vote is required in
this World Constitution. Any measure may be referred for decision to the
House of Counsellors by a concurrent vote of the other two houses.
5. The House of Counsellors may initiate any legislative measure, which
shall then be submitted to the other two houses and must be passed by
simple majority vote of both the House of Peoples and House of Nations to
become effective, unless other voting majority is required by some
provision of this World Constitution.
6. The House of Counsellors may introduce an opinion or resolution on any
measure pending before either of the other two houses; either of the
other houses may request the opinion of the House of Counsellors before
acting upon a measure.
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7. Each house of the World Parliament shall adopt its own detailed rules of
procedure, which shall by consistent with the procedures set forth in
this World Constitution, and which shall be designed to facilitate
coordinated functioning of the three houses.
8. Approval of appointments by the World Parliament or any house thereof
shall require simple majority votes, while removals for cause shall
require absolute majority votes.
9. After the full operative stage of World Government is declared, general
elections for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples
shall be held every five years. The first general elections shall be
held within the first two years following the declaration of the full
operative stage of World Government.
10.Until the full operative stage of World Government is declared, elections
for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples may be
conducted whenever feasible in relation to the campaign for ratification
of this World Constitution.
11.Regular sessions of the House of Peoples and House of Nations of the
World Parliament shall convene on the second Monday of January of each
and every Year.
12.Each nation, according to its own procedures, shall appoint or elect
members of the World Parliament to the House of Nations at least thirty
days prior to the date for convening the World Parliament in January.
13.The House of Peoples together with the House of Nations shall elect the
members of the World Parliament to the House of Counsellors during the
month of January after the general elections. For its first session
after general elections, the House of Counsellors shall convene on the
second Monday of March, and thereafter concurrently with the other two
houses.
14.Bi-elections to fill vacancies shall be held within three months from
occurrence of the vacancy or vacancies.
15.The World Parliament shall remain in session for a minimum of nine months
of each year. One or two breaks may be taken during each year, at times
and for durations to be decided by simple majority vote of the House of
Peoples and House of Nations sitting jointly.
16.Annual salaries for members of the World Parliament of all three houses
shall be the same, except for those who serve also as members of the
Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet.
17.Salary schedules for members of the World Parliament and for members of
the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet shall be determined by the
World Parliament.
Article VI The World Executive
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Executive
1. To implement the basic system of world law as defined in the World
Constitution and in the codified system of world law after approval by
the World Parliament.
2. To implement legislation enacted by the World Parliament.
3. To propose and recommend legislation for enactment by the World
Parliament.
4. To convene the World Parliament in special sessions when necessary.
5. To supervise the World Administration and the Integrative Complex and all
of the departments, bureaus, offices, institutes and agencies thereof.
6. To nominate, select and remove the heads of various organs, branches,
departments, bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, agencies and
other parts of the World Government, in accordance with the provisions of
this World Constitution and as specified in measures enacted by the
World Parliament.
7. To prepare and submit annually to the World Parliament a comprehensive
budget for the operations of the World Government, and to prepare and
submit periodically budget projections over periods of several years.
8. To define and propose priorities for world legislation and budgetary
allocations.
9. To be held accountable to the World Parliament for the expenditures of
appropriations made by the World Parliament in accordance with approved
and longer term budgets, subject to revisions approved by the World
Parliament.
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Sec. B Composition of the World Executive
The World Executive shall consist of a Presidium of five members, and of an
Executive Cabinet of from twenty to thirty members, all of whom shall be
members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C The Presidium
1. The Presidium shall be composed of five members, one to be designated as
President and the other four to be designated as Vice Presidents. Each
member of the Presidium shall be from a different Continental Division.
2. The Presidency of the Presidium shall rotate each year, with each member
in turn to serve as President, while the other four serve as Vice
Presidents. The order of rotation shall be decided by the Presidium.
3. The decisions of the Presidium shall be taken collectively, on the basis
of majority decisions.
4. Each member of the Presidium shall be a member of the World Parliament,
either elected to the House of Peoples or to the House of Counsellors, or
appointed or elected to the House of Nations.
5. Nominations for the Presidium shall be made by the House of Counsellors.
The number of nominees shall be from two to three times the number to be
elected. No more than one-third of the nominees shall be from the House
of Counsellors or from the House of Nations, and nominees must be
included from all Continental Divisions.
6. From among the nominees submitted by the House of Counsellors, the
Presidium shall be elected by vote of the combined membership of all
three houses of the World Parliament in joint session. A plurality vote
equal to at least 40 percent of the total membership of the World
Parliament shall be required for the election of each member to the
Presidium, with successive elimination votes taken as necessary until the
required plurality is achieved.
7. Members of the Presidium may be removed for cause, either individually or
collectively, by an absolute majority vote of the combined membership of
the three houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
8. The term of office for the Presidium shall be five years and shall run
concurrently with the terms of office for the members as Members of the
World Parliament, except that at the end of each five year period, the
Presidium members in office shall continue to serve until the new
Presidium for the succeeding term is elected. Membership in the
Presidium shall be limited to two consecutive terms.
Sec. D The Executive Cabinet
1. The Executive Cabinet shall be composed of from twenty to thirty members,
with at least one member from each of the ten World Electoral and
Administrative Magna Regions of the world.
2. All members of the Executive Cabinet shall be Members of the World
Parliament.
3. There shall be no more than two members of the Executive Cabinet from any
single nation of the World Federation. There may be only one member of
the Executive Cabinet from a nation from which a Member of the World
Parliament is serving as a member of the Presidium.
4. Each member of the Executive Cabinet shall serve as the head of a
department or agency of the World Administration or Integrative Complex,
and in this capacity shall be designated as Minister of the particular
department or agency.
5. Nominations for members of the Executive Cabinet shall be made by the
Presidium, taking into consideration the various functions which
Executive Cabinets members are to perform. The Presidium shall nominate
no more than two times the number to be elected.
6. The Executive Cabinet shall be elected by simple majority vote of the
combined membership of all three houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
7. Members of the Executive Cabinet either individually or collectively may
be removed for cause by an absolute majority vote of the combined
membership of all three houses of the World Parliament sitting in joint
session.
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8. The term of office in the Executive Cabinet shall be five years, and
shall run concurrently with the terms of office for the members as
Members of the World Parliament, except that at the end of each five year
period, the Cabinet members in office shall continue to serve until the
new Executive Cabinet for the succeeding term is elected. Membership in
the Executive Cabinet shall be limited to three consecutive terms,
regardless of change in ministerial position.
Sec. E Procedures of the World Executive
1. The Presidium shall assign the ministerial positions among the Cabinet
members to head the several administrative departments and major agencies
of the Administration and of the Integrative Complex. Each Vice
President may also serve as a Minister to head an administrative
department, but not the President. Ministerial positions may be changed
at the discretion of the Presidium. A Cabinet member or Vice President
may hold more than one ministerial post, but no more than three,
providing that no Cabinet member is without a Ministerial post.
2. The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, shall prepare
and present to the World Parliament near the beginning of each year a
proposed program of world legislation. The Presidium may propose other
legislation during the year.
3. The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, and in
consultation with the World Financial Administration, (see Article VIII,
Sec. G-1-i) shall be responsible for preparing and submitting to the
World Parliament the proposed annual budget, and budgetary projections
over periods of years.
4. Each Cabinet Member and Vice President as Minister of a particular
department or agency shall prepare an annual report for the particular
department or agency, to be submitted both to the Presidium and to the
World Parliament.
5. The members of the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet at all times
shall be responsible both individually and collectively to the World
Parliament.
6. Vacancies occurring at any time in the World Executive shall be filled
within sixty days by nomination and election in the same manner as
specified for filling the offices originally.
Sec. F Limitations on the World Executive
1. The World Executive shall not at any time alter, suspend, abridge,
infringe or otherwise violate any provision of this World Constitution or
any legislation or world law enacted or approved by the World Parliament
in accordance with the provisions of this World Constitution.
2. The World Executive shall not have veto power over any legislation passed
by the World Parliament.
3. The World Executive may not dissolve the World Parliament or any House of
the World Parliament.
4. The World Executive may not act contrary to decisions of the World
Courts.
5. The World Executive shall be bound to faithfully execute all legislation
passed by the World Parliament in accordance with the provisions of this
World Constitution, and may not impound or refuse to spend funds
appropriated by the World Parliament, nor spend more funds than are
appropriated bt the World Parliament.
6. The World Executive may not transcend or contradict the decisions or
controls of the World Parliament, the World Judiciary or the Provisions
of this World Constitution by any device of executive order or executive
privelege or emergency declaration or decree.
Article VII The World Administration
Sec. A Functions of the World Administration
1. The World Administration shall be organized to carry out the detailed and
continuous administration and implementation of world legislation and
world law.
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2. The World Administration shall be under the direction of the World
Executive, and shall at all times be responsible to the World Executive.
3. The World Administration shall be organized so as to give professional
continuity to the work of administration and implementation.
Sec. B Structure and Procedures of the World Administration
1. The World Administration shall be composed of professionally organized
departments and other agencies in all areas of activity requiring
continuity of administration and implementation by the World Government.
2. Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall be
headed by a Minister who shall be either a member of the Executive
Cabinet or a Vice President of the Presidium.
3. Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall have as
chief of staff a Senior Administrator, who shall assist the Minister and
supervise the detailed work of the Department or agency.
4. Each Senior Administrator shall be nominated by the Minister of the
particular Department or agency from among persons in the senior lists of
the World Civil Service Administration, as soon as senior lists have been
established by the World Civil Service Administration, and shall be
confirmed by the Presidium. Temporary qualified appointments shall be
made by the Ministers, with confirmation by the Presidium, pending
establishment of the senior lists.
5. There shall be a Secretary General of the World Administration, who shall
be nominated by the Presidium and confirmed by absolute majority vote of
the entire Executive Cabinet.
6. The functions and responsibilities of the Secretary General of the World
Administration shall be to assist in coordinating the work of the Senior
Administrators of the several Departments and agencies of the World
Administration. The Secretary General shall at all times be subject to
the direction of the Presidium, and shall be directly responsible to the
Presidium.
7. The employment of any Senior Administrator and of the Secretary General
may be terminated for cause by absolute majority vote of both the
Executive Cabinet and Presidium combined, but not contrary to civil
service rules which protect tenure on grounds of competence.
8. Each Minister of a Department or agency of the World Administration,
being also a Member of the World Parliament, shall provide continuous
liaison between the particular Department or agency and the World
Parliament, shall respond at any time to any questions or requests for
information from the Parliament, including committees of any House of the
World Parliament.
9. The Presidium, in cooperation with the particular Ministers in each case,
shall be responsible for the original organization of each of the
Departments and major agencies of the World Administration.
10.The assignment of legislative measures, constitutional provisions and
areas of world law to particular Departments and agencies for
administration and implementation shall be done by the Presidium in
consultation with the Executive Cabinet and Secretary General, unless
specifically provided in legislation passed by the World Parliament.
11.The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, may propose
the creation of other departments and agencies to have ministerial
status; and may propose the alteration, combination or termination of
existing Departments and agencies of ministerial status as may seem
necessary or desirable. Any such creation, alteration, combination or
termination shall require a simple majority vote of approval of the three
houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
12.The World Parliament by absolute majority vote of the three houses in
joint session may specify the creation of new departments or agencies of
ministerial status in the World Administration, or may direct the World
Executive to alter, combine, or terminate existing departments or
agencies of ministerial status.
13.The Presidium and the World Executive may not create, establish or
maintain any administrative or executive department or agency for the
purpose of circumventing control by the World Parliament.
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Sec. C Departments of the World Adminstration
Among the Departments and agencies of the World Administration of
ministerial status, but not limited thereto and subject to combinations and
to changes in descriptive terminology, shall be those listed under this
Section. Each major area of administration shall be headed by a Cabinet
Minister and a Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior
Administrator.
1. Disarmament and War Prevention.
2. Population.
3. Food and Agriculture.
4. Water Supplies and Waterways.
5. Health and Nutrition.
6. Education.
7. Cultural Diversity and the Arts.
8. Habitat and Settlements.
9. Environment and Ecology.
10. World Resources.
11. Oceans and Seabeds.
12. Atmosphere and Space.
13. Energy.
14. Science and Technology.
15. Genetic Research and Engineering.
16. Labor and Income.
17. Economic and Social Development.
18. Commerce and Industry.
19. Transportation and Travel.
20. Multi-National Corporations.
21. Communications and Information.
22. Human Rights.
23. Distributive Justice.
24. World Service Corps.
25. World Territories, Capitals and Parks.
26. Exterior Relations.
27. Democratic Procedures.
28. Revenue.
Article VIII The Integrative Complex
Sec. A Definition
1. Certain administrative, research, planning and facilitative agencies of
the World Government which are particularly essential for the
satisfactory functioning of all or most aspects of the World Government,
shall be designated as the Integrative Complex. The Integrative Complex
shall include the agencies listed under this Section, with the proviso
that other such agencies may be added upon recommendation of the
Presidium followed by decision of the World Parliament.
a) The World Civil Service Administration.
b) The World Boundaries and Elections Administration.
c) The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
d) The Agency for Research and Planning.
e) The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment.
f) The World Financial Administration.
g) Commission for Legislative Review.
2. Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall be headed by a Cabinet
Minister and a Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior
Administrator, together with a Commission as provided hereunder. The
rules of procedure for each agency shall be decided by majority decision
of the Commission members together with the Administrator and the
Minister or Vice President.
3. The World Parliament may at any time define further the responsibilities,
functioning and organization of the several agencies of the Integrative
Complex, consistent with the provisions of Article VIII and other
provisions of the World Constitution.
4. Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall make an annual report to the
World Parliament and to the Presidium.
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Sec. B The World Civil Service Administration
1. The functions of the World Civil Service Administration shall be the
following, but not limited thereto:
a) To formulate and define standards, qualifications, tests, examinations
and salary scales for the personnel of all organs, departments,
bureaus, offices, commissions and agencies of the World Government, in
conformity with the provisions of this World Constitution and
requiring approval by the Presidium and Executive Cabinet, subject to
review and approval by the World Parliament.
b) To establish rosters or lists of competent personnel for all
categories of personnel to be appointed or employed in the service of
the World Government
c) To select and employ upon request by any government organ, department,
bureau, office, institute, commission, agency or authorized official,
such competent personnel as may be needed and authorized, except for
those positions which are made elective or appointive under provisions
of the World Constitution or by specific legislation of the World
Parliament.
2. The World Civil Service Administration shall be headed by a ten member
commission in addition to the Cabinet Minister or Vice President and
Senior Administrator. The Commission shall be composed of one
commissioner from each of ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna-
Regions. The persons to serve as Commissioners shall be nominated by the
House of Counsellors and then appointed by the Presidium for five year
terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. C The World Boundaries and Elections Administration
1. The functions of the World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall
include the following, but not limited thereto:
a) To define the boundaries for the basic World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative
Regions and Magna-Regions, and the Continental Divisions, for
submission to the World Parliament for approval by legislative action.
b) To make periodic adjustments every ten or five years, as needed, of
the boundaries for the World Electoral and Administrative Districts,
the World Electoral and Administrative Regions and Magna-Regions, and
of the Continental Divisions, subject to approval by the World
Parliament.
c) To define the detailed procedures for the nomination and election of
Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples and to the
House of Counsellors, subject to approval by the World Parliament.
d) To conduct the elections for Members of the World Parliament to the
House of Peoples and to the House of Counsellors.
e) Before each World Parliamentary Election, to prepare Voters'
Information Booklets which shall summarize major current public
issues, and shall list each candidate for elective office together
with standard information about each candidate, and give space for
each candidate to state his or her views on the defined major issues
as well as on any other major issue of choice; to include information
on any initiatives or referendums which are to be voted upon; to
distribute the Voter's Information Booklets for each World Electoral
District, or suitable group of Districts; and to obtain the advice of
the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems, the
Agency for Research and Planning, and the Agency for Technological and
Environmental Assessment in preparing the booklets.
f) To define the rules for world political parties, subject to approval
by the World Parliament, and subject to review and recommendations of
the World Ombudsmus.
g) To define the detailed procedures for legislative initiative and
referendum by the Citizens of Earth, and to conduct voting on supra-
national or global initiatives and referendums in conjuction with
world parliamentary elections.
h) To conduct plebiscites when requested by other Organs of the World
Government, and to make recommendations for the settlement of boundary
disputes.
i) To conduct a global census every five years, and to prepare and
maintain complete demographic analyses for Earth.
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2. The World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall be headed by a
ten member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and the
Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of
one commissioner each from ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna-
Regions. The persons to serve as commissioners shall be nominated by the
House of Counsellors and then appointed by the World Presidium for five
year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. D Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems
1. The functions of the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World
Problems shall be as follows, but not limited thereto:
a) To prepare and conduct courses of information, education and training
for all personnel in the service of the World Government, including
Members of the World Parliament and of all other elective, appointive
and civil service personnel, so that every person in the service of
the World Government may have a better understanding of the functions,
structure, procedures and inter-relationships of the various organs,
departments, bureaus, offices, institutes, commissions, agencies and
other parts of the World Government.
b) To prepare and conduct courses and seminars for information,
education, discussion, updating and new ideas in all areas of world
problems, particularly for Members of the World Parliament and of the
World Executive, and for the chief personnel of all organs,
departments and agencies of the World Government, but open to all in
the service of the World Government.
c) To bring in qualified persons from private and public universities,
colleges and research and action organizations of many countries, as
well as other qualified persons, to lecture and to be resource persons
for the courses and seminars organized by the Institute on
Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
d) To contract with private or public universities and colleges or other
agencies to conduct courses and seminars for the Institute.
2. The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems shall be
supervised by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior
Administrator and Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission
shall be composed of one commissioner each to be named by the House of
Peoples, the House of Nations, the House of Counsellors, the Presidium,
the Collegium of World Judges, The World Ombudsmus, The World Attorneys
General Office, the Agency for Research and Planning, the Agency for
Technological and Environmental Assessment, and the World Financial
Administration. Commissioners shall serve five year terms, and may serve
consecutive terms.
Sec. E The Agency for Research and Planning
1. The functions of the Agency for Research and Planning shall be as
follows, but not limited thereto:
a) To serve the World Parliament, the World Executive, the World
Administration, and other organs, departments and agencies of the
World Government in any matter requiring research and planning within
the competence of the agency.
b) To prepare and maintain a comprehensive inventory of world resources.
c) To prepare comprehensive long-range plans for the development,
conservation, re-cycling and equitable sharing of the resources of
Earth for the benefit of all people on Earth, subject to legislative
action by the World Parliament.
d) To prepare and maintain a comprehensive list and description of all
world problems, including their inter-relationships, impact time
projections and proposed solutions, together with bibliographies.
e) To do research and help prepare legislative measures at the request of
any Member of the World Parliament or of any committee of any House of
the World Parliament.
f) To do research and help prepare proposed legislation or proposed
legislative programs and schedules at the request of the Presidium or
Executive Cabinet or of any Cabinet Minister.
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g) To do research and prepare reports at the request of any other organ,
department or agency of the World Government.
h) To enlist the help of public and private universities, colleges,
research agencies, and other associations and organizations for
various research and planning projects.
i) To contract with public and private universities, colleges, research
agencies and other organizations for the preparation of specific
reports, studies and proposals.
j) To maintain a comprehensive World Library for the use of all Members
of the World Parliament, and for the use of all other officials and
persons in the service of the World Government, as well as for public
information.
2. The Agency for Research and Planning shall be supervised by a ten member
commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and Cabinet Minister
or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner
each to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations, the House
of Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, the Office
of World Attorneys General, World Ombudsmus, the Agency for Technological
and Environmental Assessment, the Institute on Governmental Procedures
and World Problems, and the World Financial Administration.
Commissioners shall serve five year terms, and may serve consecutive
terms.
Sec. F The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment
1. The functions of the agency for Technological and Environmental
Assessment shall include the following, but not limited thereto:
a) To establish and maintain a registration and description of all
significant technological innovations, together with impact
projections.
b) To examine, analyze and assess the impacts and consequences of
technological innovations which may have either significant beneficial
or significant harmful or dangerous consequences for human life or for
the ecology of life on Earth, or which may require particular
regulations or prohibitions to prevent or eliminate dangers or to
assure benefits.
c) To examine, analyze and assess environmental and ecological problems,
in particular the environmental and ecological problems which may
result from any intrusions or changes of the environment or ecological
relationships which may be caused by technological innovations,
processes of resource development, patterns of human settlements, the
production of energy, patterns of economic and industrial development,
or other man-made intrusions and changes of the environment, or which
may result from natural causes.
d) To maintain a global monitoring network to measure possible harmful
effects of technological innovations and environmental disturbances so
that corrective measures can be designed.
e) To prepare recommendations based on technological and environmental
analyses and assessments, which can serve as guides to the World
Parliament, the World Executive, the World Administration, the Agency
for Research and Planning, and to the other organs, departments and
agencies of the World Government, as well as to individuals in the
service of the World Government and to national and local governments
and legislative bodies.
f) To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of
private and public universities, colleges, research institutions and
other associations and organizations in the work of technological and
environmental assessment.
g) To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of
private and public universities and colleges, research institutions
and other organizations in devising and developing alternatives to
harmful or dangerous technologies and environmentally disruptive
activities, and in devising controls to assure beneficial results from
technological innovations or to prevent harmful results from either
technological innovations or environmental changes, all subject to
legislation for implementation by the World Parliament.
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2. The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment shall be
supervised by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior
Administrator and Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission
shall be composed of one commissioner from each of ten World Electoral
and Administrative Magna-Regions. The persons to serve as commissioners
shall be nominated by the House of Counsellors, and then appointed by the
World Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive
terms.
Sec. G The World Financial Administration
1. The functions of the World Financial Administration shall include the
following, but not limited thereto:
a) To establish and operate the procedures for the collection of revenues
for the World Government, pursuant to legislation by the World
Parliament, inclusive of taxes, globally accounted social and public
costs, licenses, fees, revenue sharing arrangements, income derived
from supra-national public enterprises or projects or resource
developments, and all other sources.
b) To operate a Planetary Accounting Office, and thereunder to make cost/
benefit studies and reports of the functioning and activities of the
World Government and of its several organs, departments, branches,
bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, agencies and other parts or
projects. In making such studies and reports, account shall be taken
not only of direct financial costs and benefits, but also of human,
social, environmental, indirect, long-term and other costs and
benefits, and of actual or possible hazards and damages. Such studies
and reports shall also be designed to uncover any wastes,
inefficiencies, misapplications, corruptions, diversions, unnecessary
costs, and other possible irregularities.
c) To make cost/benefit studies and reports at the request of any House
or committee of the World Parliament, and of the Presidium, the
Executive Cabinet, the World Ombudsmus, the Office of World Attorneys
General, the World Supreme Court, or of any administrative department
or any agency of the Integrative Complex, as well as upon its own
initiative.
d) To operate a Planetary Comptrollers Office and thereunder to supervise
the disbursement of the funds of the World Government for all
purposes, projects and activities duly authorized by this World
Constitution, the World Parliament, the World Executive, and other
organs, departments and agencies of the World Government.
e) To establish and operate a Planetary Banking System, making the
transition to a common global currency, under the terms of specific
legislation passed by the World Parliament.
f) Pursuant to specific legislation enacted by the World Parliament, and
in conjunction with the Planetary Banking System, to establish and
implement the procedures of a Planetary Monetary and Credit System
based upon useful productive capacity and performance, both in goods
and services. Such a monetary and credit system shall be designed for
use within the Planetary Banking System for the financing of the
activities and projects of the World Government, and for all other
financial purposes approved by the World Parliament, without requiring
the payment of interest on bonds, investments or other claims of
financial ownership or debt.
g) To establish criteria for the extension of financial credit based upon
such considerations as people available to work, usefulness, cost/
benefit accounting, human and social values, environmental health and
esthetics, minimizing disparities, integrity, competent management,
appropriate technology, potential production and performance.
h) To establish and operate a Planetary Insurance System in areas of
world need which transcend national boundaries and in accordance with
legislation passed by the World Parliament.
i) To assist the Presidium as may be requested in the technical
preparation of budgets for the operation of the World Government.
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2. The World Financial Administration shall be supervised by a commission of
ten members, together with a Senior Administrator and a Cabinet Minister
or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner
each to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations, the House
of Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, the Office
of Attorneys General, the World Ombudsmus, the Agency for Research and
Planning, the Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment, and
the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
Commissioners shall serve terms of five years, and may serve consecutive
terms.
Sec. H Commission for Legislative Review
1. The functions of the Commission for Legislative Review shall be to
examine World Legislation and World Laws which the World Parliament
enacts or adopts from the previous Body of International Law for the
purpose of analyzing whether any particular legislation or law has become
obsolete or obstructive or defective in serving the purposes intended;
and to make recommendations to the World Parliament accordingly for
repeal or amendment or replacement.
2. The Commission for Legislative Review shall be composed of twelve
members, including two each to be elected by the House of Peoples, the
House of Nations, the House of Counsellors, the Collegium of World
Judges, the World Ombudsmus and the Presidium. Members of the Commission
shall serve terms of ten years, and may be re-elected to serve
consecutive terms. One half of the Commission members after the
Commission is first formed shall be elected every five years, with the
first terms for one half of the members to be only five years.
Article IX The World Judiciary
Sec. A Jurisdiction of the World Supreme Court
1. A World Supreme Court shall be established, together with such regional
and district World Courts as may subsequently be found necessary. The
World Supreme Court shall comprise a number of benches.
2. The World Supreme Court, together with such regional and district World
Courts as may be established, shall have mandatory jurisdiction in all
cases, actions, disputes, conflicts, violations of law, civil suits,
guarantees of civil and human rights, constitutional interpretations, and
other litigations arising under the provisions of this World
Constitution, world legislation, and the body of world law approved by
the World Parliament.
3. Decisions of the World Supreme Court shall be binding on all parties
involved in all cases, actions and litigations brought before any bench
of the World Supreme Court for settlement. Each bench of the World
Supreme Court shall constitute a court of highest appeal, except when
matters of extra-ordinary public importance are assigned or transferred
to the Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court, as provided in
Section E of Article IX.
Sec. B Benches of the World Supreme Court
The benches of the World Supreme Court and their respective jurisdictions
shall be as follows:
1. Bench for Human Rights: To deal with issues of human rights arising under
the guarantee of civil and human rights provided by Article XIII of this
World Constitution, and arising in pursuance of the provisions of Article
XIII of this World Constitution, and arising otherwise under world
legislation and the body of world law approved by the World Parliament.
2. Bench for Criminal Cases: To deal with issues arising from the violation
of world laws and world legislation by individuals, corporations, groups
and associations, but not issues primarily concerned with human rights.
3. Bench for Civil Cases: To deal with issues involving civil law suits and
disputes between individuals, corporations, groups and associations
arising under world legislation and world law and the administration
thereof.
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4. Bench for Constitutional Cases: To deal with the interpretation of the
World Constitution and with issues and actions arising in connection with
the interpretation of the World Constitution.
5. Bench for International Conflicts: To deal with disputes, conflicts and
legal contest arising between or among the nations which have joined in
the Federation of Earth.
6. Bench for Public Cases: To deal with issues not under the jurisdiction of
another bench arising from conflicts, disputes, civil suits or other
legal contests between the World Government and corporations, groups or
individuals, or between national governments and corporations, groups or
individuals in cases involving world legislation and world law.
7. Appellate Bench: To deal with issues involving world legislation and
world law which may be appealed from national courts; and to decide which
bench to assign a case or action or litigation when a question or
disagreement arises over the proper jurisdiction.
8. Advisory Bench: To give opinions upon request on any legal question
arising under world law or world legislation, exclusive of contests or
actions involving interpretation of the World Constitution. Advisory
opinions may be requested by any House or committee of the World
Parliament, by the Presidium, any Administrative Department, the Office
of World Attorneys General, the World Ombudsmus, or by any agency of the
Integrative Complex.
9. Other benches may be established, combined or terminated upon
recommendation of the Collegium of World Judges with approval by the
World Parliament; but benches number one through eight may not be
combined nor terminated except by amendment of this World Constitution.
Sec. C Seats of the World Supreme Court
1. The primary seat of the World Supreme Court and all benches shall be the
same as for the location of the Primary World Capital and for the
location of the World Parliament and the World Executive.
2. Continental seats of the World Supreme Court shall be established in the
four secondary capitals of the World Government located in four different
Continental Divisions of Earth, as provided in Article XV.
3. The following permanent benches of the World Supreme Court shall be
established both at the primary seat and at each of the continental
seats: Human Rights, Criminal Cases, Civil Cases, and Public Cases.
4. The following permanent benches of the World Supreme Court shall be
located only at the primary seat of the World Supreme Court:
Constitutional Cases, International Conflicts, Appellate Bench,
and Advisory Bench.
5. Benches which are located permanently only at the primary seat of the
World Supreme Court may hold special sessions at the other continental
seats of the World Supreme Court when necessary, or may establish
continental circuits if needed.
6. Benches of the World Supreme Court which have permanent continental
locations may hold special sessions at other locations when needed, or
may establish regional circuits if needed.
Sec. D The Collegium of World Judges
1. A Collegium of World Judges shall be established by the World Parliament.
The Collegium shall consist of a minimum of twenty member judges, and may
be expanded as needed but not to exceed sixty members.
2. The World Judges to compose the Collegium of World Judges shall be
nominated by the House of Counsellors and shall be elected by plurality
vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session. The
House of Counsellors shall nominate between two and three times the
number of world judges to be elected at any one time. An equal number of
World Judges shall be elected from each of ten World Electoral and
Administrative Magna-Regions, if not immediately then by rotation.
3. The term of office for a World Judge shall be ten years. Successive
terms may be served without limit.
4. The Collegium of World Judges shall elect a Presiding Council of World
Judges, consisting of a Chief Justice and four Associate Chief Justices.
One member of the Presiding Council of World Judges shall be elected
from each of five Continental Divisions of Earth. Members of the
Presiding Council of World Judges shall serve five year terms on the
Presiding Council, and may serve two successive terms, but not two
successive terms as Chief Justice.
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5. The Presiding Council of World Judges shall assign all World Judges,
including themselves, to the several benches of the World Supreme Court.
Each bench for a sitting at each location shall have a minimum of three
World Judges, except that the number of World Judges for benches on
Continental Cases and International Conflicts, and the Appellate Bench,
shall be no less than five.
6. The member judges of each bench at each location shall choose annually a
Presiding Judge, who may serve two successive terms.
7. The members of the several benches may be reconstituted from time to time
as may seem desirable or necessary upon the decision of the Presiding
Council of World Judges. Any decision to re-constitute a bench shall be
referred to a vote of the entire Collegium of World Judges by request of
any World Judge.
8. Any World Judge may be removed from office for cause by an absolute two-
thirds majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
9. Qualifications for Judges of the World Supreme Court shall be at least
ten years of legal or juristic experience, minimum age of thirty years,
and evident competence in world law and the humanities.
10.The salaries, expenses, remunerations and prerogatives of the World
Judges shall be determined by the World Parliament, and shall be reviewed
every five years, but shall not be changed to the disadvantage of any
World Judge during a term of office. All members of the Collegium of
World Judges shall receive the same salaries, except that additional
compensation may be given to the Presiding Council of World Judges.
11.Upon recommendation by the Collegium of World Judges, the World
Parliament shall have the authority to establish regional and district
world courts below the World Supreme Court, and to establish the
jurisdictions thereof, and the procedures for appeal to the World Supreme
Court or to the several benches thereof.
12.The detailed rules of procedure for the functioning of the World Supreme
Court, the Collegium of World Judges, and for each bench of the World
Supreme Court, shall be decided and amended by absolute majority vote of
the Collegium of World Judges.
Sec. E The Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court
1. A Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court shall be established to
take cases which are considered to be of extra-ordinary public
importance. The Superior Tribunal for any calendar year shall consist of
the Presiding Council of World Judges together with one World Judge named
by the Presiding Judge of each bench of the World Court sitting at the
primary seat of the World Supreme Court. The composition of the Superior
Tribunal may be continued unchanged for a second year by decision of the
Presiding Council of World Judges.
2. Any party to any dispute, issue, case or litigation coming under the
jurisdiction of the World Supreme Court, may apply to any particular
bench of the World Supreme Court or to the Presiding Council of World
Judges for the assignment or transfer of the case to the Superior
Tribunal on the grounds of extra-ordinary public importance. If the
application is granted, the case shall be heard and disposed of by the
Superior Tribunal. Also, any bench taking any particular case, if
satisfied that the case is of extra-ordinary public importance, may of
its own discretion transfer the case to the Superior Tribunal.
Article X The Enforcement System
Sec. A Basic Principles
1. The enforcement of world law and world legislation shall apply directly
to individual, and individuals shall be held responsible for compliance
with world law and world legislation regardless of whether the
individuals are acting in their own capacity or as agents or officials of
governments at any level or of the institutions of governments, or as
agents or officials of corporations, organizations, associations or
groups of any kind.
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2. When world law or world legislation or decisions of the world courts are
violated, the Enforcement System shall operate to identify and apprehend
the individuals responsible for violations.
3. Any enforcement action shall not violate the civil and human rights
guaranteed under this World Constitution.
4. The enforcement of world law and world legislation shall be carried out
in the context of a non-military world federation wherein all member
nations shall disarm as a condition for joining and benefiting from the
world federation, subject to Article XVII, Sec. C-8 and D-6. The
Federation of Earth and World Government under this World Constitution
shall neither keep nor use weapons of mass destruction.
5. Those agents of the enforcement system whose function shall be to
apprehend and bring to court violators of world law and world legislation
shall be equipped only with such weapons as are appropriate for the
apprehension of the individuals responsible for violations.
6. The enforcement of world law and world legislation under this World
Constitution shall be conceived and developed primarily as the processes
of effective design and administration of world law and world legislation
to serve the welfare of all people on Earth, with equity and justice for
all, in which the resources of Earth and the funds and the credits of the
World Government are used only to serve peaceful human needs, and none
used for weapons of mass destruction or for war making capabilities.
Sec. B The Structure for Enforcement: World Attorneys General
1. The Enforcement System shall be headed by an Office of World Attorneys
General and a Commission of Regional World Attorneys.
2. The Office of World Attorneys General shall be comprised of five members,
one of whom shall be designated as the World Attorney General and the
other four shall each be designated an Associate World Attorney General.
3. The Commission of Regional World Attorneys shall consist of twenty
Regional World Attorneys.
4. The members to compse the Office of World Attorneys General shall be
nominated by the House of Counsellors, with three nominees from each
Continental Division of Earth. One member of the Office shall be elected
from each of five Continental Divisions by plurality vote of the three
houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
5. The term of office for a member of the Office of World Attorneys General
shall be ten years. A member may serve two consecutive terms. The
position of World Attorney General shall rotate every two years among the
five members of the Office. The order of rotation shall be decided among
the five members of the Office.
6. The Office of World Attorneys General shall nominate members for the
Commission of twenty Regional World Attorneys from the twenty World
Electoral and Administrative Regions, with between two and three nominees
submitted for each Region. From these nominations, the three Houses of
the World Parliament in joint session shall elect one Regional World
Attorney from each of the twenty Regions. Regional World Attorneys shall
serve terms of five years, and may serve three consecutive terms.
7. Each Regional World Attorney shall organize and be in charge of an Office
of Regional World Attorney. Each Associate World Attorney General shall
supervise five Offices of Regional World Attorneys.
8. The staff to carry out the work of enforcement, in addition to the five
members of the Office of World Attorneys General and the twenty Regional
World Attorneys, shall be selected from civil service lists, and shall be
organized for the following functions:
a) Investigation.
b) Apprehension and arrest.
c) Prosecution.
d) Remedies and correction.
e) Conflict resolution.
9. Qualifications for a member of the Office of World Attorneys General and
for the Regional World Attorneys shall be at least thirty years of age,
at least seven years legal experience, and education in law and the
humanities.
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10. The World Attorney General, the Associate World Attorneys General, and
the Regional World Attorneys shall at all times be responsible to the
World Parliament. Any member of the Office of World Attorneys General
and any Regional World Attorney can be removed from office for cause by
a simple majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in
joint session.
Sec. C The World Police
1. That section of the staff of the Office of World Attorneys General and of
the Offices of Regional World Attorneys responsible for the apprehension
and arrest of violators of world law and world legislation, shall be
designated as World Police.
2. Each regional staff of the World Police shall be headed by a Regional
World Police Captain, who shall be appointed by the Regional World
Attorney.
3. The Office of World Attorneys General shall appoint a World Police
Supervisor, to be in charge of those activities which transcend regional
boundaries. The World Police Supervisor shall direct the Regional World
Police Captains in any actions which require coordinated or joint action
transcending regional boundaries, and shall direct any action which
requires initiation or direction from the Office of World Attorneys
General.
4. Searches and arrests to be made by World Police shall be made only upon
warrants issued by the Office of World Attorneys General or by a Regional
World Attorney.
5. World Police shall be armed only with weapons appropriate for the
apprehension of the individuals responsible for violation of world law.
6. Employment in the capacity of World Police Captain and World Police
Supervisor shall be limited to ten years.
7. The World Police Supervisor and any Regional World Police Captain may be
removed from office for cause by decision of the Office of World
Attorneys General or by absolute majority vote of the three Houses of the
World Parliament in joint session.
Sec. D The Means of Enforcement
1. Non-military means of enforcement of world law and world legislation
shall be developed by the World Parliament and by the Office of World
Attorneys General in consultation with the Commission of Regional World
Attorneys, the Collegium of World Judges, the World Presidium, and the
World Ombudsmus. The actual means of enforcement shall require
legislation by the World Parliament.
2. Non-military means of enforcement which can be developed may include:
Denial of financial credit; denial of material resources and personnel;
revocation of licenses, charters, or corporate rights; impounding of
equipment; fines and damage payments; performance of work to rectify
damages; imprisonment or isolation; and other means appropriate to the
specific situations.
3. To cope with situations of potential or actual riots, insurrection and
resort to armed violence, particular strategies and methods shall be
developed by the World Parliament and by the Office of World Attorneys
General in consultation with the Commission of Regional World Attorneys,
the collegium of World Judges, the Presidium and the World Ombudsmus.
Such strategies and methods shall require enabling legislation by the
World Parliament where required in addition to the specific provisions of
this World Constitution.
4. A basic condition for preventing outbreaks of violence which the
Enforcement System shall facilitate in every way possible, shall be to
assure a fair hearing under non-violent circumstances for any person or
group having a grievance, and likewise to assure a fair opportunity for
a just settlement of any grievance with due regard for the rights and
welfare of all concerned.
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Article XI The World Ombudsmus
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Ombudsmus
The functions and powers of the World Ombudsmus, as public defender, shall
include the following:
1. To protect the People of Earth and all individuals against violations or
neglect of universal human and civil rights which are stipulated in
Article XII and other sections of this World Constitution.
2. To protect the People of Earth against violations of this World
Constitution by any official or agency of the World Government, including
both elected and appointed officials or public employees regardless of
organ, department, office, agency or rank.
3. To press for the implementation of the Directive Principles for the World
Government as defined in Article XIII of this World Constitution.
4. To promote the welfare of the people of Earth by seeking to assure that
conditions of social justice and of minimizing disparities are achieved
in the implementation and administration of world legislation and world
law.
5. To keep on the alert for perils to humanity arising from technological
innovations, environmental disruptions and other diverse sources, and to
launch initiatives for correction or prevention of such perils.
6. To ascertain that the administration of otherwise proper laws, ordinances
and procedures of the World Government do not result in unforseen
injustices or inequities, or become stultified in bureaucracy or the
details of administration.
7. To receive and hear complaints, grievances or requests for aid from any
person, group, organization, association, body politic or agency
concerning any matter which comes within the purview of the World
Ombudsmus.
8. To request the Office of World Attorneys General or any Regional World
Attorney to initiate legal actions or court proceedings whenever and
wherever considered necessary or desirable in the view of the World
Ombudsmus.
9. To directly initiate legal actions and court proceedings whenever the
World Ombudsmus deems necessary.
10.To review the functioning of the departments, bureaus, offices,
commissions, institutes, organs and agencies of the World Government to
ascertain whether the procedures of the World government are adequately
fulfilling their purposes and serving the welfare of humanity in optimum
fashion, and to make recommendations for improvements.
11.To present an annual report to the World Parliament and to the Presidium
on the activities of the World Ombudsmus, together with any
recommendations for legislative measures to improve the functioning of
the World Government for the purpose of better serving the welfare of the
People of Earth.
Sec. B Composition of the World Ombudsmus
1. The World Ombudsmus shall be headed by a Council of World Ombudsen of
five members, one of whom shall be designated as Principal World
Ombudsan, while the other four shall each be designated as an Associate
World Ombudsan.
2. Members to compose the Council of World Ombudsen shall be nominated by
the House of Counsellors, with three nominees from each Continental
Division of Earth. One member of the Council shall be elected from each
of five Continental Divisions by plurality vote of the three Houses of
the World Parliament in joint session.
3. The term of office for a World Ombudsan shall be ten years. A World
Ombudsan may serve two successive terms. The position of Principal World
Ombudsan shall be rotated every two years. The order of rotation shall
be determined by the Council of World Ombudsen.
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4. The Council of World Ombudsen shall be assisted by a Commission of World
Advocates of twenty members. Members for the Commission of World
Advocates shall be nominated by the Council of World Ombudsen from twenty
World Electoral and Administrative Regions, with between two and three
nominees submitted for each Region. One World Advocate shall be elected
from each of the twenty World Electoral and Administrative Regions by the
three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session. World Advocates
shall serve terms of five years, and may serve a maximum of four
successive terms.
5. The Council of World Ombudsen shall establish twenty regional offices, in
addition to the principal world office at the primary seat of the World
Government. The twenty regional offices of the World Ombudsmus shall
parallel the organization of the twenty Offices of Regional World
Attorney.
6. Each regional office of the World Ombudsmus shall be headed by a World
Advocate. Each five regional offices of the World Ombudmus shall be
supervised by an Associate World Ombudsan.
7. Any World Ombudsan and any World Advocatet may be removed from office for
cause by an absolute majority vote of the three Houses of the World
Parliament in joint session.
8. Staff members for the World Ombudsmus and for each regional office of the
World Ombudsmus shall be selected and employed from civil service lists.
9. Qualifications for World Ombudsan and for World Advocate shall be at
least thirty years of age, at least five years legal experience, and
education in law and other relevant education.
Article XII Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth
The inhabitants and citizens of Earth who are within the Federation of Earth
shall have certain inalienable rights defined hereunder. It shall be
mandatory for the World Parliament, the World Executive, and all organs and
agencies of the World Government to honor, implement and enforce these
rights, as well as for the national governments of all member nations in the
Federation of Earth to do likewise. Individuals or groups suffering
violation or neglect of such rightst shall have full recourse through the
World Ombudsmus, the Enforcement System and the World Courts for redress of
grievances. The inalienable rights shall include the following:
1. Equal rights for all citizens of the Federation of Earth, with no
discrimination on grounds of race, color, caste, nationality, sex,
religion, political affiliation, property, or social status.
2. Equal protection and application of world legislation and world laws for
all citizens of the Federation of Earth.
3. Freedom of thought and conscience, speech, press, writing, communication,
expression, publication, broadcasting, telecasting, and cinema, except as
an overt part of or incitement to violence, armed riot or insurrection.
4. Freedom of assembly, association, organization, petition and peaceful
demonstration.
5. Freedom to vote without duress, and freedom for political organization
and campaigning without censorship or recrimination.
6. Freedom to profess, practice and promote religious or religious beliefs
or no religion or religious belief.
7. Freedom to profess and promote political beliefs or no political beliefs.
8. Freedom for investigation, research and reporting.
9. Freedom to travel without passport or visas or other forms of
registration used to limit travel between, among or within nations.
10.Prohibition against slavery, peonage, involuntary servitude, and
conscription of labor.
11.Prohibition against military conscription.
12.Safety of person from arbitrary or unreasonable arrest, detention, exile,
search or seizure; requirement of warrants for searches and arrests.
13.Prohibition against physical or psychological duress or torture during
any period of investigation, arrest, detention or imprisonment, and
against cruel or unusual punishment.
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14. Right of habeous corpus; no ex-post-facto laws; no double jeopardy;
right to refuse self-incrimination or the incrimination of another.
15. Prohibition against private armies and paramilitary organizations as
being threats to the common peace and safety.
16. Safety of property from arbitrary seizure; protection against exercise
of the power of eminent domain without reasonable compensation.
17. Right to family planning and free public assistance to achieve family
planning objectives.
18. Right of privacy of person, family and association; prohibition against
surveillance as a means of political control.
Article XIII Directive Principles for the World Government
It shall be the aim of the World Government to secure certain other rights
for all inhabitants within the Federation of Earth, but without immediate
guarantee of universal achievement and enforcement. These rightst are
defined as Directive Principles, obligating the World Government to pursue
every reasonable means for universal realization and implementation, and
shall include the following:
1. Equal opportunity for useful employment for everyone, with wages or
remuneration sufficient to assure human dignity.
2. Freedom of choice in work, occupation, employment or profession.
3. Full access to information and to the accumulated knowledge of the human
race.
4. Free and adequate public education available to everyone, extending to
the pre-university level; Equal opportunities for elementary and higher
education for all persons; equal opportunity for continued education for
all persons throughout life; the right of any person or parent to choose
a private educational institution at any time.
5. Free and adequate public health services and medical care available to
everyone throughout life under conditions of free choice.
6. Equal opportunity for leisure time for everyone; better distribution of
the work load of society so that every person may have equitable leisure
time opportunities.
7. Equal opportunity for everyone to enjoy the benefits of scientific and
technological discoveries and developments.
8. Protection for everyone against the hazards and perils of technological
innovations and developments.
9. Protection of the natural environment which is the common heritage of
humanity against pollution, ecological disruption or damage which could
imperil life or lower the quality of life.
10.Conservation of those natural resources of Earth which are limited so
that present and future generations may continue to enjoy life on the
planet Earth.
11.Assurance for everyone of adequate housing, of adequate and nutritious
food supplies, of safe and adequate water supplies, of pure air with
protection of oxygen supplies and the ozone layer, and in general for the
continuance of an environment which can sustain healthy living for all.
12.Assure to each child the right to the full realization of his or her
potential.
13.Social Security for everyone to relieve the hazards of unemployment,
sickness, old age, family circumstances, disability, catastrophies of
nature, and technological change, and to allow retirement with sufficient
lifetime income for living under conditions of human dignity during older
age.
14.Rapid elimination of and prohibitions against technological hazards and
man-made environmental disturbances which are found to create dangers to
life on Earth.
15.Implementation of intensive programs to discover, develop and institute
safe alternatives and practical substitutions for technologies which must
be eliminated and prohibited because of hazards and dangers to life.
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16.Encouragement for cultural diversity; encouragement for decentralized
administration.
17.Freedom for peaceful self-determination for minorities, refugees and
dissenters.
18.Freedom for change of residence to anywhere on Earth conditioned by
provisions for temporary sanctuaries in events of large numbers of
refugees, stateless persons, or mass migrations.
19.Prohibition against the death penalty.
Article XIV Safeguards and Reservations
Sec A. Certain Safeguards
The World Government shall operate to secure for all nations and peoples
within the Federation of Earth the safeguards which are defined hereunder:
1. Guarantee that full faith and credit shall be given to the public acts,
records, legislation and judicial proceedings of the member nations
within the Federation of Earth, consistent with the several provisions of
this World Constitution.
2. Assure freedom of choice within the member nations and countries of the
Federation of Earth to determine their internal political, economic and
social systems, consistent with the guarantees and protections given
under this World Constitution to assure civil liberties and human rights
and a safe environment for life, and otherwise consistent with the
several provisions of this World Constitution.
3. Grant the right of asylum within the Federation of Earth for persons who
may seek refuge from countries or nations which are not yet included
within the Federation of Earth.
4. Grant the right of individuals and groups, after the Federation of Earth
includes 90 percent of the territory of Earth, to peacefully leave the
hegemony of the Federation of Earth and to live in suitable territory set
aside by the Federation neither restricted nor protected by the World
Government, provided that such territory does not extend beyond five
percent of Earth's habitable territory, is kept completely disarmed and
not used as a base for inciting violence or insurrection within or
against the Federation of Earth or any member nation, and is kept free
of acts of environmental or technological damage which seriously affect
Earth outside such territory.
Sec. B Reservation of Powers
The powers not delegated to the World Government by this World Constitution
shall be reserved to the nations of the Federation of Earth and to the
people of Earth.
Article XV World Federal Zones and the World Capitals
Sec. A World Federal Zones
1. Twenty World Federal Zones shall be established within the twenty World
Electoral and Administrative Regions, for the purposes of the location
of the several organs of the World Government and of the administrative
departments, the world courts, the offices of the Regional World
Attorneys, the offices of the World Advocates, and for the location of
other branches, departments, institutes, offices, bureaus, commissions,
agencies and parts of the World Government.
2. The World Federal Zones shall be established as the needs and resources
of the World Government develop and expand. World Federal Zones shall be
established first within each of five Continental Divisions.
3. The location and administration of the World Federal Zones, including the
first five, shall be determined by the World Parliament.
Sec. B The World Capitals
1. Five World Capitals shall be established in each of five Continental
Divisions of Earth, to be located in each of the five World Federal Zones
which are established first as provided in Article XV of this World
Constitution.
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2. One of the World Capitals shall be designated by the World Parliament as
the Primary World Capital, and the other four shall be designated as
Secondary World Capitals.
3. The primary seats of all organs of the World Government shall be located
in the Primary World Capital, and other major seats of the several organs
of the World Government shall be located in the Secondary World Capitals.
Sec. C Locational Procedures
1. Choices for location of the twenty World Federal Zones and for the five
World Capitals shall be proposed by the Presidium, and then shall be
decided by a simple majority vote of the three Houses of the World
Parliament in joint session. The Presidium shall offer choices of two
or three locations in each of the twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions to be World Federal Zones, and shall offer two
alternative choices for each of the five World Capitals.
2. The Presidium in consultation with the Executive Cabinet shall then
propose which of the five World Capitals shall be the Primary World
Capital, to be decided by a simply majority vote of the three Houses of
the World Parliament in joint session.
3. Each organ of the World Government shall decide how best to apportion and
organize its functions and activities among the five World Capitals, and
among the twenty World Federal Zones, subject to specific directions
from the World Parliament.
4. The World Parliament may decide to rotate its sessions among the five
World Capitals, and if so, to decide the procedure for rotation.
5. For the first two operative stages of World Government as defined in
Article XVII, and for the Provisional World Government as defined in
Article XIX, a provisional location may be selected for the Primary World
Capital. The provisional location need not be continued as a permanent
location.
6. Any World Capital or World Federal Zone may be relocated by an absolute
two-thirds majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in
joint session.
7. Additional World Federal Zones may be designated if found necessary by
proposal of the Presidium and approval by an absolute majority vote of
the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
Article XVI World Territories and Exterior Relations
Sec A. World Territory
1. Those areas of the Earth and Earth's moon which are not under the
jurisdiction of existing nations at the time of forming the Federation
of Earth, or which are not reasonably within the province of national
ownership and administration, or which are declared to be World
Territory subsequent to establishment of the Federation of Earth, shall
be designated as World Territory and shall belong to all of the people of
Earth.
2. The administration of World Territory shall be determined by the World
Parliament and implemented by the World Executive, and shall apply to the
following areas:
a) All oceans and seas having an international or supra-national
character, together with the seabeds and resources thereof, beginning
at a distance of twenty kilometers offshore, excluding inland seas of
traditional national ownership.
b) Vital straits, channels, and canals.
c) The atmosphere enveloping Earth, beginning at an elevation of one
kilometer above the general surface of the land, excluding the
depressions in areas of much variation in elevation.
d) Man-made satellites and Earth's moon.
e) Colonies which may choose the status of World Territory;
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