From MSECURA@aol.comSat Apr 8 09:00:18 1995
Date: Fri, 7 Apr 1995 10:44:51 -0400
From: MSECURA@aol.com
To: jhdaugh@a-albionic.com
Subject: Re: Democracy AND Republic
text-3 of 4
ARTICLE XVII: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
A. QUALIFICATIONS, ELECTION AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Each member of the House of Representatives shall be at
least 25 years of age and a member of the represented Region
for at least 10 years and a member of the represented
Nation-State for at least 5 years. The members shall be
chosen every fourth year by the Nation-State at the time,
place, and in a manner determined by the Nation-State but
the respective House of Representatives may make or alter
such regulations. They shall be divided immediately after
being assembled into two classes so that one-half may be
chosen every second year. Each Representative shall have a
vote which represents the population of the respective
district that did not vote directly. The terms of members
of the House of Representatives shall end at noon on the
third day of January, of the year in which such terms have
ended, and their successors shall begin.
B. APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES
1. Representatives shall be apportioned among the Nation-
States according to their respective number based on the
last census, or if there is no census, based on the best
estimate by the Senate until the next ten year period when a
worldwide census shall be required. Each Nation-State with
a population of less than two million people shall have one
representative in the House of Representatives of the
respective Region. Otherwise, the number of representatives
shall not exceed one for every two million people.
C. OFFICERS
1. The Vice President of the Region shall be President of
the respective House of Representatives, but shall have no
vote, unless they be equally divided. Each House of Repre-
sentatives shall choose its own officers, and also a Presi-
dent pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or
when the Vice President shall exercise the Office of the
President.
D. IMPEACHMENT
1. Each House of Representatives shall have the power of
impeachment of any officers of the respective Region
including Business Committee members. The Senate shall have
the power to try all such impeachments. When sitting for
that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When
the President of a Region is tried, the respective Chief of
Justice of that Region shall preside. No person shall be
convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the
members present.
2. Judgement in cases of impeachment shall not extend beyond
removal from office. The party convicted shall nevertheless
be liable and subject to indictment, trial, and judgement
according to the law and ethics of the respective Region.
ARTICLE XVIII: SENATE
A. QUALIFICATIONS, ELECTION AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Each member of the Senate shall be at least 30 years of
age and a member of the represented Region for at least 10
years. The members shall be chosen every sixth year by the
Nation-States at a time, place, and in a manner determined
by the Nations-States, but the Senate may make or alter such
regulations. They shall be divided immediately after being
assembled into three classes so that one-third may be chosen
every second year. Each Senator shall have a vote which
represents the population of the respective district that
did not vote directly. The terms of members of the Senate
shall end at noon on the third day of January of the year in
which such terms have ended, and their successors shall
begin.
B. APPORTIONMENT OF SENATORS
1. The Senate shall be composed of twenty Senators from each
Region. Not more than two Federation Senators shall be from
any one Nation-State.
C. OFFICERS
1. The Vice President of the Federation shall be President
of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be
equally divided. The Senate shall choose its own officers,
and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice
President, or when the Vice President shall exercise the
office of the President.
D. IMPEACHMENT
1. The Senate shall have the power of impeachment of any
Federation officers including Federation Business Committee
members, and the combined Houses of Representatives of all
Regions shall jointly have the power to try all such
impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be
on oath or affirmation. When the President of the
Federation is tried, the Chief of Justice of the Federation
shall preside. No person shall be convicted without the
concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
2. Judgement in cases of impeachment shall not extend beyond
removal from office. The party convicted shall nevertheless
be liable and subject to indictment, trial, and judgement
according to the Federation's laws and ethics.
ARTICLE XIX: BUSINESS COMMITTEE
A. QUALIFICATION, ELECTION AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Each member of the Business Committee shall be at least
25 years of age and a member of the represented Region for
at least 7 years. The members shall be chosen every second
year by a vote among the largest one thousand Transnational
Corporations in each Region at a time, place, and in a
manner determined by the Nation-State, but the respective
House of Congress may make or alter such regulations.
Transnational Corporations are Corporations with one or more
offices or plants in more than one region. The Transnation-
al Corporation shall have one vote for a Federation Member
and one vote for each seat of the Business Committee in the
Region where the Corporation's greatest assets are located.
Each Business Committee Member shall have one vote in the
Committee. The terms of members of the Business Committee
shall end at noon on the third day of January of the year in
which such terms have ended, and their successors shall
begin.
B. APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES
1. The Business Committee of the Federation shall be
composed of one member from each region and the number of
members of the Business Committee of each Region shall be
equal to five percent of the nearest odd number of members
of the House of Representatives of the respective Region.
C. OFFICERS
1. The Business Committee shall choose their Speaker and
other officers.
ARTICLE XX: CONGRESS
A. MEETING OF CONGRESS
1. Each Congressional member of the Federation and Region
shall be provided with telecommunications equipment that
provides voice, video, and data capabilities. All govern-
ment communication numbers shall be made available to all
members of Congress. This shall be the primary means of
holding meetings. Members shall be required to meet at
least monthly.
B. RULES OF PROCEDURE
1. Each House of Congress and Business Committee shall be
responsible for determining the rules of its proceedings
and judging elections. A majority of each House of Congress
and Business Committee shall constitute a quorum. The time
and agenda of meetings shall be made available to all
members in advance.
2. Each House of Congress and Business Committee shall keep
a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish
the same but at least every six months, excepting such parts
as may be required for security and then never exceeding two
years. The yeas and nays of the members of Congress on any
question shall be entered in the Journal.
C. COMPENSATION, PRIVILEGES AND RESTRICTIONS
1. Members of Congress of the Federation and Regions shall
receive a compensation for their services to be ascertained
by law and paid out of the Treasury of the Federation or
Region respectively. No member shall be granted a raise
until at least one re-election to office. They shall in all
cases except treason and felony be privileged from arrest.
2. No member of Congress of the Federation or Regions shall
hold any other office or employment.
D. LAW
1. How Federation and Regional bills become law. All bills
of the Federation and Regions shall originate in the
respective House of Congress. The bill shall be presented
to the Business Committee of the Federation or respective
Region who shall have two weeks to propose amendments prior
to the bill being submitted to the respective House of
Congress. Every bill which shall have passed the Senate or
the respective House of Representatives by a majority vote
of all citizens which is determined by permitting each
citizen to vote directly or by proxy through their
respective representative, before it becomes law, requires
signed approval by the President of the Federation or the
respective Region, the head of the Business Committee of the
Federation or respective Region representing the majority of
the Business Committee, and shall receive no written
objections from the House of Representatives of any Region
for a Federation bill or from the Senate for a Regional
bill, a vote by such House of Congress not being required.
If the President of the Federation or respective Region
does not approve, they shall return it to the Senate or
respective House of Representatives with their objections,
who shall proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsid-
eration, two thirds of the Senate or respective House of
Representatives shall agree to pass the bill, it shall
become law. If any bill shall not be returned by the
President within two weeks after it has been presented to
them, it shall be in like manner as if they had signed it.
If a majority of the Business Committee of the Federation
or respective Region does not approve, they shall return it
to the Senate or respective House of Representatives with
their objections, who, with the Business Committee shall
proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, a
majority of the Senate or respective House of Representa-
tives combined with the Business Committee where each member
has a vote equal to the average number of votes for the
respective respresenatives, shall agree to pass the bill, it
shall become law. If any bill shall not be returned by the
Business Committee within two weeks after it has been
presented to them, it shall be in like manner as if they had
signed it.
If a majority of the House of Representatives of any
Region chooses to vote on a Federation bill or a majority
of the Senate of the Federation chooses to vote on a
Regional bill and does not approve it by a majority vote,
they shall return it to the House of Congress that
originated the bill with their objections, who shall proceed
to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, two thirds
of the House of Congress that originated the bill shall
agree to pass the bill, it shall become law. If any bill
shall not be returned by the House of Representatives of any
Region or by the Senate within two weeks after it has been
presented to them, it shall be in like manner as if they had
signed it.
Each law enacted shall have a limit on its duration not
to exceed thirty years. The law may be reinstated before it
expires after appropriate review. All court decisions
related to any reinstated law remain applicable.
2. Inferior Courts. The Senate for the Federation and the
House of Representatives for the respective Region shall
have the responsibility to constitute tribunals inferior to
the Supreme Court including traveling and resident
mediators.
3. Supreme Court Balance. A general citizen vote of the
Federation or respective Region on any respective Federation
or Regional Supreme Court decision shall be called whenever
two-thirds of the respective House of Congress deem it
necessary.
4. Method of Constitutional Amendment. Two-thirds of any
House of Congress or two-thirds of the Nation-States shall,
when deemed necessary, propose amendments to this
Constitution which shall be valid, to all intents and
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by
three-fourths of the respective member Nation-States, or by
conventions in three-fourths of the respective member
Nation-States. No member Nation-State, without its consent,
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage.
5. Jurisdiction. The Congresses of the Federation and
Regions shall have the power to make all laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers, and shall have all other powers vested by
this Constitution in the government of the Federation,
Region, or in any department or officer thereof.
E. POWERS GRANTED TO CONGRESS
1. The Congress of the Federation shall have the power to
make all needful rules and regulations respecting the
territory or other property belonging to the Federation.
2. The Congresses of the Regions shall have the power to
make all needful rules and regulations respecting the
territory or other property belonging to the respective
Region.
3. The Congress of the Federation shall have the power to
make all needful rules and regulations respecting relations
with non-Federation Nation-States, international
territories, space, and other celestial bodies.
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