From MSECURA@aol.comSat Apr  8 08:59:54 1995
Date: Fri, 7 Apr 1995 10:43:05 -0400
From: MSECURA@aol.com
To: jhdaugh@a-albionic.com
Subject: Re: Democracy AND Republic

text-2 of 4
ARTICLE VI: HUMAN RIGHTS

     1. All people are citizens of the world and everyone is
     entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth herein,
     without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex,
     language, religion, political or other opinion, national or
     social origin, property, birth, or other status.  No one
     shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
     trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.  Everyone has
     the right to life, liberty, equal opportunity and security
     of person.

     2. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a
     person before the law.  All are equal before the law and are
     entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of
     the law.  No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest,
     detention or exile.  Excessive bail shall not be required,
     nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
     punishments inflicted.  Everyone is entitled in full        
     equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and
     impartial tribunal, in the determination of their rights and
     obligations and of any criminal charge against them.        
     Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be   
     presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a
     public trial at which they have had all the guarantees      
     necessary for their defence.  No one shall be held guilty of
     any penal offence on account of any act or omission which   
     did not constitute a penal offence at the time when it was
     committed.  Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the
     one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was
     committed.  No person shall be compelled in any penal case
     to be a witness against themselves.  Everyone has the right
     to an effective remedy by a competent tribunal for acts
     violating the fundamental rights granted herein. 

     3. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with
     their privacy, family, home, or correspondence, nor to
     attacks upon their honor and reputation.  Everyone has the
     right to the protection of the law against such interference
     or attacks.

     4. Indigenous people in any member Nation-State shall be
     guaranteed secure rights to their substantive base.

     5. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
     residence within the borders of each state.  Everyone has
     the right to leave any country, including their own, and to
     return to their country.  Everyone has the right to seek and
     to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.  This
     right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions
     genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts
     contrary to the purposes and principles herein.

     6. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of their property.

     7. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience
     and religion; this right includes freedom to change their
     religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
     community with others and in public or private, to manifest
     their religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and
     observance.  Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion
     and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions
     without interference and to seek, receive and impart
     information and ideas through any media and regardless of
     frontiers except that information must be true and
     accurate.  Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful    
     assembly and association.  No one may be compelled to belong
     to an association.  Citizens shall have a right and         
     responsibility to express their views, provide              
     recommendations, and criticize government.  The Federation  
     and Regions have the responsibility to encourage such       
     activity.  To this end, the respective Congress shall       
     provide readily available education that represent all      
     prominent views on major issues to the public at no charge  
     and shall provide mechanisms to receive feedback from the   
     public.

     8.  The will of the people shall be expressed in periodic
     fair, and genuine elections which shall be by universal and
     equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by
     equivalent free voting procedures.  All people eighteen
     years or older shall have the right to vote in all
     Federation and Regional elections and this shall not be
     denied or abridged, other than for treason or felonies, by
     the Federation or Regions.

     9. In the exercise of their rights and freedoms, everyone
     shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined
     by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition
     and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of
     meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and
     the general welfare in a democratic society.  These rights
     and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
     purposes and principles herein.  The enumeration in this
     Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to
     deny or disparage others retained by the people.

     10. Nothing in this Constitution may be interpreted as
     implying for the Federation or any Region, Nation-State,
     group, or person any right to engage in any activity or to
     perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the
     rights and freedoms set forth herein.  The powers not
     delegated to the Federation or Regions by this Constitution,
     nor prohibited by it to the Nation-States, are reserved for
     the Nation-States respectively, or for the people.

ARTICLE VII: RELIGIOUS COOPERATION

     1. The Federation shall support an organization to serve as
     a forum for the genuine religions in the world, at their
     option, to discuss issues and make recommendations.

ARTICLE VIII: TECHNOLOGY

     1. The Congress of the Federation shall develop long and 
          short term overall technology policies that include goals,
          performance, safety considerations, reporting criteria,
          ethics, social and environmental impact, and methods of
          monitoring that address energy and social requirements as
          well as basic research and development and establish
          mechanisms for the technology coordination between
          Corporations and the Federation.  Particular safety and
          ethics standards shall be established for biotechnology
          research and products.  

     2. The Congress of the Federation shall be responsible for
     setting communication standards for the Federation, Regions,
     and between member Nation-States including worldwide
     allocation of the electromagnetic spectrum, postal service,
     telephone service, radio and television services, and data
     and video services and for providing recommendations to the
     Nation-States for communications standards.  The Congress of
     the Federation shall be responsible for establishing and
     maintaining equal access to public information. 

     3. The Congress of the Federation shall promote the progress
     of the sciences and arts by securing for everyone, for a
     limited time, the protection of the moral and material
     interests resulting from any scientific, literary or
     artistic production of which they are the author.
    
ARTICLE IX: DEFENSE 

     1. The Congress of the Federation shall provide for the
     common defense; raise, support and call forth armed services
     to execute the laws of the Federation, suppress insurrec-
     tion and repel invasion; declare war, and provide for the
     security and general welfare of each member Nation-State.
     
     2. No mass destruction weapons shall be permitted when all 
     Nation-States are part of the Federation or when the
     Federation has adequate, enforceable, and verifiable
     agreement with non-Federation Nation-States that would
     eliminate all mass destruction weapons; then all mass
     destruction weapons and specific material used for mass
     destruction weapons shall be destroyed in the most
     expeditious and safe manner and all weapons shall be limited
     to single action devices.  All Regions and member Nation-
     States shall be limited in the amount and type of weapons
     such that no Region or group of Nation-States can threaten
     the Federation.  Forces of the Region or Nation-State shall
     only be used for defense, maintaining internal civil
     tranquility or providing social services as described
     herein.  In all cases, force shall be limited to reciprocity
     unless the existence of the Federation, Regions, or Nation-
     States is at risk.  The Congress of the Federation shall be
     responsible for establishing and enforcing acceptable
     policies.

     3. The Congress of the Federation shall be responsible for
     establishing and enforcing acceptable policies that shall   
     limit commerce in weapons to single action devices.

     4. The President of the Federation or Regions or the
     respective House of Congress of the Federation or Regions
     can deploy defense personnel for civil and social service
     support; including, rapid deployment of goods and services
     necessary to maintain life.

ARTICLE X: TRANSITION TO FEDERATION

     1. The Federation desires to include all Nation-States.  
     The only requirement for becoming a member of the Federation
     is that the member Nation-State shall abide by all the
     principles in this Constitution. 

     2. All debts between new member Nation-State and other
     Federation members shall be forgiven upon joining the       
     Federation.


ARTICLE XI: GUARANTEES TO NATION-STATES

     1. Nation-States shall be guaranteed, by the Federation, the
     option to achieve a democratic form of government, and to be
     protected against invasion and domestic violence. 

     2. Nation-States shall be guaranteed, by the Federation,
     defined boundaries.  To change boundaries shall require an
     affirmative vote of two-thirds of the population of the
     affected area and a majority of the population of the Region
     involved.

     3. Nation-States shall have the right to maintain royalty
     only when it is consistent with the rights of individuals.

     4. Nation-States shall each determine the laws governing
     property consistent with the rights of individuals.

     5. Nation-States shall have the choice of electing
     Federation and Regional delegates through a popular vote,
     typically to be used by more advanced Nation-States, or
     through an electorate, typically to be used by developing
     Nation-States.

     6. Nation-States shall recognize one another's acts,
     contracts, wills and civil judgements and the Congress of   
     the Federation may by general laws prescribe the manner in  
     which such acts, contracts, wills and civil judgements shall
     be proved, and the effect thereof.  A person charged in any
     Nation-State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall
     flee from justice, and be found in another Nation-State,    
     shall, on demand of the executive authority of the Nation-
     State from which they fled, be delivered to the Nation-State
     having jurisdiction of the crime.

     7. Nation-States shall have the right and responsibility
     to experiment with new political ideas.  Any new system
     shall not violate basic rights.

ARTICLE XII: POWERS DENIED TO THE NATION-STATES

     1. No Nation-State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, 
          or confederation, or opt out of the Federation.

     2. No Nation-State shall seize property from another Nation
     State.

     3. No Nation-State shall coin money other than coin of face
     value at the time of coinage. 

     4. No Nation-State shall pass any law impairing the
     obligation of contracts.

     5. No Nation-State shall lay any tariffs but may provide for
     inspection of goods entering that Nation-State.
               
     6. No Nation-State shall keep ships or aircraft of war, or
     any weapons of mass destruction, unless actually invaded,
     or in such imminent danger as shall not admit of delay.

     7. No Nation-State shall decrease current natural reserves.
          
ARTICLE XIII: POWERS DENIED TO THE FEDERATION AND REGIONS

     1. No titles of nobility shall be granted.

     2. Nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to 
          prejudice any claims of the Federation or any particular
          Nation-State. 

ARTICLE XIV: GENERAL   

     1. The dignity of the individual shall always be a primary  
     consideration of the Federation and Regions. 

     2. During periodic elections, but at least annually, the    
     people will be required to vote separately for or against
     the current Federation and applicable Regional government. 
     If there is a no confidence vote by the majority of those
     voting than the entire Federation or applicable Regional
     government receiving this no confidence majority vote will
     be required to have elections within a three month period
     for all members of the respective Federal or Regional
     government except newly elected members.  If there is a     
     pro-confidence vote by the majority of those voting than no
     additional voting will be necessary.

     3. The Federation and Regions shall provide centralized
     policy coordination and decentralized implementation.

     4. The language of the Federation shall be English but the
     Federation has no right to impose any language requirements
     on the Nation-States.

     5. Cities shall be set aside for felons.  The criminals
     shall be required to reside and maintain themselves within
     the city limits.

     6. The fourth Thursday of every November is declared Trans-
     Cultural Day and shall be observed throughout the world. 

ARTICLE XV: SUPREMACY OF CONSTITUTION

     1. This Constitution, and the laws of the Federation which 
          shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all international
          agreements made, or which shall be made, under the authority
          of the Federation, shall be the final law of the world; and
          the judges in the Federation and every Region and every
          member Nation-State shall be bound thereby, anything in the
          Constitution or laws of any Region or member Nation-States
          to the contrary notwithstanding.

ARTICLE XVI: OATH OF OFFICE

     1. All officers of the Federation shall be bound by oath or 
          affirmation to support this Constitution, but no
          discriminatory test other than as described herein shall
          ever be required as a qualification for any office or public
          trust under the Federation.