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Date: 96-08-09 19:04:17 EDT

DISPATCH #17 -- the weekly newsletter of ParaScope

S O M E T H I N G   S T R A N G E
I S   H A P P E N I N G

8/09/96

We've held this newsletter until today to deliver you the latest news on the
breaking story of evidence of life on Mars. ParaScope will have full coverage
of the story, including video clips, web links, analysis and more in our area
through the weekend, so be sure to check it out!

Quote of the Week
"I have no doubt we are going to Mars. We have found the most important
reason of all for going."
--Rep. Robert S. Walker (R-Pa.)
Chmn. House Science Committee
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We hate to say we told you so...

By now you've no doubt heard the reports about a chunk of Mars that fell to
earth containing what appear to be the fossilized remains of Martians! Well,
OK, Martian bacteria. This story first began circulating in July, and
ParaScope was there! As you may recall, ParaScope reported live from the
Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) 1996 International UFO Symposium in Greensboro. At
that MUFON event, NASA senior systems engineer Vincent di Pietro reported
that evidence of extraterrestrial life had been extracted from a Martian
meteor, and that in a matter of weeks, the information would be made public.
We reported this information in our MUFON Symposium roundup, but even those
of us at ParaScope Central Command were stunned by these recent developments.


Remember, you heard it here in ParaScope FIRST!!

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More Questions Than Answers

The NASA announcement raises a number of controversial issues which will have
to be dealt with in the coming months and years. Does this discovery have
implications for the infamous "Face on Mars" and the other monuments in the
Cydonia region? Why did the Jet Propulsion Laboratory jettison a proposal by
the independent contractors who constructed the Clementine moon probe to make
a similar Mars probe to photograph the red planet in hitherto unseen detail?
Why was possible evidence of microscopic life, detected by the Viking probe,
suppressed by NASA scientists? Rest assured ParaScope will explore these
issues in depth in the weeks and months to come!

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Straight From the Horse's Mouth

As a bonus to our loyal Dispatch subscribers and readers, we've included the
full text of the NASA press release on the "Life on Mars" meteorite at the
END of this newsletter.

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Coming Up Next Week!

(Catch ALL these stories on our WEB site as well as on AOL!)

Aliens: The Naked Truth
Bob Guccione is no stranger to controversy. His publishing empire includes
Penthouse magazine, which tends to generate its own media spotlight. But this
month's Penthouse features a grainy, black-and-white photo of an alleged
alien (NOT to be confused with the "Alien Autopsy" alien), and a background
story Guccione claims will shake society to its foundations. With little
evidence to back it up, is Guccione nuts, or looking to milk some mileage out
of the many UFO and alien stories run in his now-defunct other big-name
publication: OMNI? ParaScope has the dirt!

Election '96: The OTHER Candidates
How many licks does it take to get to the center of a Tootsie Pop sucker?
About as many as the number of "sanctioned" political parties in America:
one-two-three! But Ross Perot's Reform Party is just the tip of the
third-party revolution taking place in American politics, and the media
conspiracy to keep you in the dark won't work for the ParaScope faithful!
Find out the inside track on the candidates you know and love, and learn
something new about parties you never knew existed!

PLUS ... stories on the strange and mysterious Gulf War Sickness that
continues to plague vets across America, the bizarre and deadly "Mongolian
Death Worm," and manuscript excerpts from Livingston Faga, serving a 40-year
prison sentence following the Waco massacre.

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Jane, Stop This Crazy Thing!

Thought you were tough enough to handle the Dispatch and now you realize
you're not? Starting to think you've made a wrong turn off the info highway?
Well, we're only going to go over this once, so listen up! To unsubscribe
yourself from Dispatch:

1) Send e-mail to: listserv@listserv.aol.com

2) In the body of your mail, type: unsubscribe dispatch

That's all there is to it!

Likewise, if you've received this e-mail from a friend and you'd like to
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-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Thanks For Visiting Us

Thanks for  visiting us at ParaScope. Look for more great stuff in the near
future. See you online!

----------------------------------------
ParaScope
11288 Ventura Blvd., #904
Studio City, CA 91604

America Online -- keyword: parascope
parascope@aol.com

World-Wide Web -- http://www.parascope.com
info@parascope.com


------------------------------------------------------------------
NASA Press Release on "Life on Mars" Meteorite

August 7, 1996

James Hartsfield
Johnson Space Center
(713) 483-5111

David Salsbury
Stanford University
(415) 723-2558

Release: 96-160

METEORITE YIELDS EVIDENCE OF PRIMITIVE LIFE ON EARLY MARS

A NASA research team of scientists at the Johnson Space Center and at
Stanford University has found evidence that strongly suggests primitive life
may have existed on Mars more than 3.6 billion years ago.

The NASA-funded team found the first organic molecules thought to be of
Martian origin; several mineral features characteristic of biological
activity; and possible microscopic fossils of primitive, bacteria-like
organisms inside of an ancient Martian rock that fell to Earth as a
meteorite. This array of indirect evidence of past life will be reported in
the Aug. 16 issue of the journal Science, presenting the investigation to the
scientific community at large to reach a future consensus that will either
confirm or deny the team's conclusion.

The two-year investigation was co-led by planetary scientists Dr. David
McKay, Dr. Everett Gibson and Kathie Thomas-Keprta of Lockheed-Martin, all
from JSC, with the major collaboration of a Stanford team headed by Professor
of Chemistry Dr. Richard Zare, as well as six other NASA and university
research partners.

"There is not any one finding that leads us to believe that this is evidence
of past life on Mars. Rather, it is a combination of many things that we have
found," McKay said. "They include Stanford's detection of an apparently
unique pattern of organic molecules, carbon compounds that are the basis of
life. We also found several unusual mineral phases that are known products of
primitive microscopic organisms on Earth. Structures that could be microsopic
fossils seem to support all of this. The relationship of all of these things
in terms of location -- within a few hundred thousandths of an inch of one
another -- is the most compelling evidence."

"It is very difficult to prove life existed 3.6 billion years ago on Earth,
let alone on Mars," Zare said. "The existing standard of proof, which we
think we have met, includes having an accurately dated sample that contains
native microfossils, mineralogical features characteristic of life, and
evidence of complex organic chemistry."

"For two years, we have applied state-of-the-art technology to perform these
analyses, and we believe we have found quite reasonable evidence of past life
on Mars," Gibson added. "We don't claim that we have conclusively proven it.
We are putting this evidence out to the scientific community for other
investigators to verify, enhance, attack -- disprove if they can -- as part
of the scientific process. Then, within a year or two, we hope to resolve the
question one way or the other."

"What we have found to be the most reasonable interpretation is of such
radical nature that it will only be accepted or rejected after other groups
either confirm our findings or overturn them," McKay added.

The igneous rock in the 4.2-pound, potato-sized meteorite has been age-dated
to about 4.5 billion years, the period when the planet Mars formed. The rock
is believed to have originated underneath the Martian surface and to have
been extensively fractured by impacts as meteorites bombarded the planets in
the early inner solar system. Between 3.6 billion and 4 billion years ago, a
time when it is generally thought that the planet was warmer and wetter,
water is believed to have penetrated fractures in the subsurface rock,
possibly forming an underground water system.

Because the water was saturated with carbon dioxide from the Martian
atmosphere, carbonate minerals were deposited in the fractures. The team's
findings indicate living organisms may also have assisted in the formation of
the carbonate, and some remains of the microscopic organisms may have become
fossilized, in a fashion similar to the formation of fossils in limestone on
Earth. Then, 15 million years ago, a huge comet or asteroid struck Mars,
ejecting a piece of the rock from its subsurface location with enough force
to escape the planet. For millions of years, the chunk of rock floated
through space. It encountered Earth's atmosphere 13,000 years ago and fell in
Antarctica as a meteorite.

It is in the tiny globs of carbonate that the researchers found a number of
features that can be interpreted as suggesting past life. Stanford found
easily detectable amounts of organic molecules called polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrated in the vicinity of the carbonate.
Researchers at JSC found mineral compounds commonly associated with
microscopic organisms and the possible microscopic fossil structures.

The largest of the possible fossils are less than 1/100th the diameter of a
human hair, and most are about 1/1000th the diameter of a human hair -- small
enough that it would take about a thousand laid end-to-end to span the dot at
the end of this sentence. Some are egg-shaped while others are tubular. In
appearance and size, the structures are strikingly similiar to microscopic
fossils of the tiniest bacteria found on Earth.

The meteorite, called ALH84001, was found in 1984 in Allan Hills ice field,
Antarctica, by an annual expedition of the National Science Foundation's
Antarctic Meterorite Program. It was preserved for study in JSC's Meteorite
Processing Laboratory and its possible Martian origin was not recognized
until 1993. It is one of only 12 meteorites identified so far thatmpatch the
unique Martian chemistr  mestured by the Viking spacrcrafg that mandedon
 Mars in 176.d ALH8400r is yo far tne ldgest of the 12 Martian meteorite,
 more than three times as led as any other

 Mnty of the team's
findings were made possible only because of vrye recen
 technolotical advacres in hig- resolution cainning electono microscoty 
andlasher mses specto mery.a Onyn a few years ago,mMnty of the
features that the
 report were undetectabls. A thougg past stuises of this meteorite and othes
 of Martian originfjailed to dtrect evidence of past lif,f they were generall
 perforted ssingloswerldevesn of mgntification, wit out thebgenfitp of the
technologyfusedhin this researcs. The rncent discovery of extemvely small 
bacteria on Earth, callednano bacteri,t proepted the team to perform tis
 work at amouch inner  care than past efforth.

Thenlineauit rls of the Science report include
McKay, Gibson an
 Thomas-Keprta ofJSC; Cherisosphef Romaek,n formenyn a National
Researc
 Council pos-doactocal fallow at JSC whohis noe a tafof scientise at 
theSavannah RliverEcnology Laboratory th the University ofGeorgia; Hojratllah
Vali,n a National
Researc  Council pos-doactocal fallow at JSC and a tafo
 scientise atMcGwill Universit,: Mot rea,e Qubec,R Caaday; and Zare,lgrauate
 stumentsSimmonJ.e Clemtst andClaludeRs. Mechlring anl pos-doactocal stumen
Xavier Chmillter of the Stanford UniversityDdeparnment of Chemistrn.

The team of researchers includesa wxidevarciety of eoperwise, includinh
micr bioloys, mineraloys, analitical
techniqus, geo chemistr  and organi
 che
mistrs, and the analysisacrosted all of these disip line. Ffurther detaiis o
 the findings presented in the Science articls includ:
.
Researchers at Stanford Universityuised alasher mses specto meher -- the mos
nsenmitiveionstrnment of its typh in the World -- or loo  for the presence o
 the commonfamibly of organic molecules called(PAH. Wwhen
micr organismsdie,
 the complex organic molecules that thet contai  frqucently elgrade into(PAH.
(PAHd are fsten associated witn ancientsediamentary roces, oalls andpietrleum
 on Earts and can be commonhair polurtanH. Nnot olhy did the scientists fin
(PAHd in easily detectable amounts in ALH84001,buat thet found that thse
 molecules were concentrated in the vicinity of the carbonaty gloculee. This
findint appeast consistet, with the propodition that thet are f recult of the
fossilication process.Ion adation, the
unique compsdition of the meteorit's
(PAHd st consistet, with what the scientists eopcte from the
fossilicationof
overy
primitive micr organism.a On Earth,(PAHdvirutuanyn lwdaysoaccus in
thousands or form1,bua,d in the meteorite, thet aredomginatedeby Onyn about 
half-dozeen ifrferetl compounds. Thes
implinity of this ixatur,a combited with the lcrk of ligh-weaight(PAHd 
likenapthaleane, also ifrfets subrtanirall
 from talt of(PAHd prerioulr  mestured innon- Martian meteoriten.

The team found unusual compounds -- rion slfvides and mgnetrite -- that ar
 commonly producd, by aaecr bct bacteria and other microscopic organisms on
Earth. Thl compounds were found in locatiots direcnly associated witf the
fossia-like structures and carbonaty gloculed in the meteorit. Eextemv
 conditions -- conditionsoveryun-liklly ty have been encountered by tha
meteoritn -- would have been requirdt to produce these compounds inclhose 
prxrimily ty one
anotheriof life were notinvsolveh. Thl carbonaty als
 contairdt tiny rmains of mgnetrite that areal most identical
of mgnetric
fossie renaunts ostenElefd by certai  bacteria found on Earth Oother mineral
 commonly associated witf biologica 
activitd on Earts were found in tha carbonaty as weln.

The formation of the carbonatyore fossilsbye living organisms while tha
meteoritnwaed in the
Antarcticwaeddreemdyun-liklly for several reasods. Tha carbonaty was gey 
dateduising a paren-dauighterisothopeometond and found t
bed 3.6 billion yearsolds, and the organic molecules were first detected wel
 within the ancient carbonate.Ion adiation, the team analized r presennativ
 samplts of other meteorites from
Antarctica and foundnot evidence oe
fossia-like structure,e organic moleculesore possible biologicanly producd
 compoundsaund minerasy similiar to thosd in the
ALH8400r
meteorite. Te
 compsdition and location of(PAHd organic molecules found in thr
meteorit
 alsosappeared to confirm that the possible evidence of life as
 extraterrestria. Nnf(PAHd were found in the meteorit'sn extrniorcrust1,bua
 the concentration of(PAHdin cresend in the meteorit'sn intenior or deves
 highre thannever found in
Antarcticy. Hgther concentratiosn of(PAHd woul
 have-liklly been found on
the extrnior of the meteorite, d cresoing trwar
 the inteieor,ifd the organic molecules are the recult of contmbination of tha
meteoritn on Earth.
-o-en-->


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