Origin: SPACE - 0070 - Aen News, Ne
From: LINDA THOMPSON Public
To: ALL
Date: 11/25/94 at 22:22
Re: 1 of 8 - NON LETHAL WARFA
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DOWNLOAD NONLETHA.ZIP FOR MORE INTERESTING READING ON NON-LETHAL
WARFARE AND WHO'S BEHIND IT. REMEMBER, JOHN ALEXANDER, OF LOS
ALAMOS LABS, WAS THE FELLOW WHO WROTE ME CLAIMING THERE ARE NO
"LASER WEAPONS THAT BLIND" (as I am sitting here with a case of
glasses to guard against blindness from laser weapons, from the
military . . . .)
PART 1 OF 8 PARTS
"NONLETHAL" WARFARE TO BE USED DOMESTICALLY (THAT'S *** US *** PEOPLE)
OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301-2500
Special Operations/
Low-Intensity Conflict
21 July 1994
MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION
SUBJECT: Draft Non-Lethal Weapons Policy
Attached is a draft DoD policy for non-lethal weapons. We are
distributing this draft broadly far information and comment. Comments
should be forwarded by 19 August to Mr. Charles Swett, 703-693-5208
(voice), or 703-693-0615 (fax).
[signed]
Dr. Christopher Lamb
Director, Policy Planning
Department of Defense
Directive
January 1, 1995
Number
DRAFT: 21 July 1994
SUBJI;CI: Policy for Non-lethal Weapons
A. Purpose
This Directive issues Department of Defense policies and procedures
governing the role of non-lethal weapons in U.S. national security,
their acquisiton, and employment.
B. Definition
Non-lethal weapons are discriminate weapons that are explicitly
designed and employed so as to incapitate personnel or materiel, while
minimizing fatalities and undesired damage to property and the
environment.
Unlike weapons that permanently destroy targets through blast,
fragmentation or penetration, non-lethal weapons have relatively
reversible effects on targets and/or are able to discriminate between
targets and non-targets in the weapon's area of impact.
PART 2
C. Applicability
This directive applies to all non-lethal technology research and
development programs, non-lethal weapon procurement procedures
programs, OSD oversight of these programs, and modes of employment of
non-lethal weapons.
Precision lethal weapons are outside the scope of this Directive. In
addition, policy governing information warfare systems is addressed in
separate channels and is not covered by this Directive.
D. Policy
1. General
In order to allow the maximum possible flexibility in the employment of
U.S. military forces across the spectrum of conflict, it is essential
that additional options short of the use of lethal force be provided.
Non-lethal weapons can make available significant new capabilities in
some circumstances to achieve military objectives while minimizing
human fatalities and undesired damage to property and the environment.
At the lower end of the spectrum of conflict (Operations Other Than
War), non-lethal weapons can allow us to discourage, delay, or prevent
hostile actions by prospective opponents; limit escalation; take
military action in situations where intervention is desireable but use
of lethal force would be inappropriate; and better protect our forces
once deployed. Non-lethal weapons are especially suited to operations
such as peacekeeping, humanitarian missions, and other operations short
of war. At the higher regions of the spectrum of conflict, including
major regional conflicts, non-lethal weapons can provide an effective,
reversible, or more humanitarian means of denying an enemy the use of
some of his human and material assets. They also may help reduce the
post-war economic cost of rebuilding infrastructure.
Non-lethal weapons reinforce deterrence and expand our range of
options. The presense of non-lethal weapons in America's arsenal can
strengthen deterrence by making potential adversaries aware that the
United States can thwart aggression and achieve humanitarian aims in
ways that do not ential prohibitive political costs, thus enabling us
to act earlier, more freely, and more decisively.
A non-lethal weapons arsenal and the additional options it provides
does not negate the fact that many situations require overwhelming
lethal military force as the most appropriate means to accomplish a
mission. Particularly in situations involving large-scale aggression by
an adversary, overwhelming force may ultimately be the best means of
minimizing fatalities and collateral damage by ensuring that the
conflict comes to a rapid and uncontested conclusion. In such cases,
the roles of non-lethal weapons are to contribute to the overall
success of the operation while helping to limit war damage.
It is understood that when employed, some non-lethal weapons may
inadvertantly cause fatalities, since we will not have perfect control
over all factors. Complete avoidance of fatalities cannot be guaranteed
and should not be expected. However, non-lethal weapons when properly
employed dramatically reduce fatalities as compared with physically
destroying the same intended target. Thus the intent is to be able to
achieve military or politicaly objectives while causing the minimum
possible harm to personnel, materiel, and the environment.
To the extent that non-lethal weapons reduce the likelihood of loss of
life and incidental damage to property in comparison with conventional
systems, they are not only politically and operationally attractive
options, but they are also consistant with international law and
further the professional military responsibility to employ force
proportionally and discriminately.
PART 3 OF 8 PARTS
It is not envisioned that non-lethal weapons will supplant or replace
other classes of weapons, consume disproportionate amounts of
resources, or cause a major shift in the way wars are fought. Rather,
the intention is to allow the Department of Defense to cost-effectively
exploit non-lethal technologies in order to provide the United States
with significant strategic, political, and operational advantages in
conducting existing missions.
2. Acquisition
A wide variety of non-lethal technologies have been suggested, spanning
a broad range of anti-personnel and anti-materiel effects. In order to
be most useful as instruments of national policy, the highest priority
should be placed on developing and acquiring systems to support the
following tasks (in descending order of importance):
> Neutralize combatants intermingled with non-combatants
> Control crowds
> Disable or disrupt military logistics
> Disable or disrupt elements of, or the entirety of, a regional
civil/military communications, transportation, and energy
infrastructure.
> Disable or destroy weapons or weapon development/production
processes, including suspected weapons of mass destruction
These tasks may arise at virtually any level of the full spectrum of
operations. This list will be reviewed and modified as necessary by the
Undersecretary of Defense for Policy.
In addition to the priorities listed above, only those non-lethal
weapon programs that satisfy the general requirements for technical
feasibility, operational utility, and policy acceptability will be
considered for support. Specifically, in order for any non-lethal
weapon program to receive funding, it must be explicitly found by the
Non-Lethal Weapons Steering Committee to satisfy the following
criteria:
> Contribute to the accomplishment of a task or tasks that may be
assigned to U.S. military forces
PART 4
> Be consistent with established U.S. policies including arms control
agreements or other international legal commitments that the U.S. is
committed to observe
> Be technologically and operationally feasible
> Be affordable
> Have an acceptably low probability of being fatal or inflicting
permanent disablement on personnel, and causing undesired damage to
property and the environment
> Could not be easily defeated by enemy countermeasures once known; or
if they could, the benefits of a single opportunity to use them in a
given context would be so great as to outweigh that disadvantage
> Can achieve an effect that is worth the cost of the intelligence
support they require
All other things being equal, non-lethal weapons that show significant
promise of dual-use by U.S. law enforcement agencies as well as by the
military Services will receive higher priority than those that do not.
Oversight authority over all non-lethal weapon development and
acquisition programs will be exercised by a Non-Lethal Weapons Steering
Committee. This committee will be co-chaired by the Office of the
Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology (Deputy
Director, Tactical Warfare Programs), and the Office of the Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict
(Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Missions), and will consist
of senior officials from the following organizations:
> Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Technology
- Office of Munitions
- Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering
- Office of the Deputy Under Secretary for Advanced Technology
> Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
- Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy
(Strategy and Requirements)
- Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Policy and Missions (Special Operations and Low-Intensity
Conflict)
- Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Counterproliferation (International Security Policy)
PART 5 OF 8 PARTS
> Office of the Comptroller of the Department of Defense
> The Joint Staff
> The Military Services
> Defense Nuclear Agency
> Other Defense agencies (as determined by the co-chairs)
In addition, representatives of other U.S. Government departments or
agencies may be invited to participate in Steering Committee
discussions. These organizations may include, but are not necessarily
limited to, the Department of Justice, the Department of Energy, the
Central Intelligence Agency, and the Environmental Protection Agency.
The Non-Lethal Weapons Steering Committee will conduct an annual
review, phased appropriately with respect to the POM cycle, of all
non-lethal weapon programs, in order to provide oversight and guidance.
This committee will have the authority to initiate, direct changes in,
or terminate these programs, in order to ensure that the priorities and
criteria listed above are enforced. In so doing, any validated military
requirements presented to the committee will be duly considered. The
Comptroller of the Department of Defense will issue Program Budget
Decisions implementing the decisions of the committee. The committee
will also have the authority to task the Services to undertake such
studies and analyses as are needed to support its deliberations.
The Non-Lethal Weapons Steering Committee will adopt terms of
reference, issue an annual Non-Lethal Weapons Master Plan, and issue
security and classification guidance for non-lethal weapon programs.
A Non-Lethal Weapons Working Group will assist the Non-Lethal Weapons
Steering Committee. This group will consist of officials from the
organizations represented on the Steering Committe, and will undertake
activities as directed by that committee. The Office of the
Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology will assure
that funding is available to support these bodies, and that all members
of both bodies are cleared in a timely manner into any and all
non-lethal weapon development and acquisition programs.
The Joint Program Office will support the Non-Lethal Weapons Steering
Committee, by providing studies, analyses, and recommendations as
directed by that committee. Its charter will be modifed as necessary to
provide for this role. The Non-Lethal Weapons Steering Committee will
ensure that the costs of necessary support provided by the Joint
Program Office and other sources are met.
PART 6 OF 8 PARTS
The Military Services will develop and acquire weapons specific to
their particular mission area or expertise, and will develop and
implement doctrine, employment concepts, tactics, training, and
logistic support for fielded non-lethal weapon systems.
3. Employment
In developing policy for specific cases of current or planned military
operations, officials from the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense
for Policy will ensure that options for use of applicable non-lethal
weapons are given due consideration. This will include making the
President aware of such options, as appropriate.
Any direction given regarding the conduct of U.S. military operations
to employ non-lethal weapons will not restrict self-defense measures by
our forces to non-lethal means. Although our forces might be allowed to
employ only non-lethal weapons to acheive mission objectives in some
cases, they will in all cases be allowed to use necessary lethal force
to protect themselves from deadly threats.
In order to improve the military effectiveness and deterrent value of
non-lethal weapon employment, full consideration will be given to
appropriate psychological operations before, during or after that
employment.
Non-lethal weapons can be employed either alone or in conjunction with
lethal weapons.
When a plan to employ non-lethal weapons in a specific case is
submitted for approval, it must be explicity stated to all concerned
that some fatalities might inadvertently result.
Non-lethal weapons may be employed to achieve a variety of objectives,
including, but not necessarily limted to, the following:
> Neutralization - to make an adversary's assets useless
> Denial - to deny an adversary the attainment of his ends
> Control - to eliminate an adversary's ability to control his assets,
and/or to seize control of them ourselves
> Limit escalation - prevent an increase in the scale or intensity of a
conflict
> Enticement - to help persuade an adversary to act in a way that is
congruent with U.S. interests
PART 8 OF 8 PARTS
F. Effective Date
This Directive will become effective upon signature.
William J. Perry
Secretary of Defense
Comments on this draft should be forwarded to Mr. Charles Swett,
OASD(SO/LIC)
703-693-5208 (voice)
703-693-0615 (fax)
END OF FILE
PART 8 OF 8 PARTS
F. Effective Date
This Directive will become effective upon signature.
William J. Perry
Secretary of Defense
Comments on this draft should be forwarded to Mr. Charles Swett,
OASD(SO/LIC)
703-693-5208 (voice)
703-693-0615 (fax)
END OF FILE
==============================================================
"NON-LETHAL" Warfare quickly and quietly incapacitates a large
number of people, so that a small group can quickly and quietly
go in and kill them.
That is what it is for. Consider this the next time you think of
a small, federal task force, with its members trained in special
forces tactics, house to house search and seizure, and forcible
entry, in accordance with our new crime bill.
Linda Thompson
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