ESP INDUCTION THROUGH FORMS OF SELF-HYPNOSIS

by  Richard Alan Miller, Organization for the Advancement of
Knowledge, Inc., 1305 Vista Drive, Grants Pass, OR  97527 503-
476-5588   CIS E-mail via Internet to DrRam@aol.com


Abstract:

Working  with  current  definitions  of  self-hypnosis,  a series
of postulates  are  developed toward relating hypnosis to
extra-sensory perception  (ESP).  This  includes  a mathematical
formula on how to cross-culturally induce ESP via forms of
self-hypnosis.  A technique or method-of-induction is proposed
which is challenged in a national tournament  of experts.  The
results overwhelm the competition by two orders of magnitude.


Definitions and Postulates:

The purpose of this paper is to relate extra-sensory perception
to hypnosis.  The  standard definitions used for hypnosis often
includes that it is a borderline state between sleeping and waking.
Any state characterized  by  an intense concentration of attention
in one  area, accompanied  by a profound lack of attention in other
areas,  may also be considered hypnosis.   With this type of
definition, everyone is considered to be continuously in a light
state of hypnosis.

The  depth of hypnosis,  which is an implied issue in this
definition, may be defined as the difference between the intensity
of concentration in one sphere or area, and the depth if inhibition
in others.  Attention focused in one area creates a corresponding
lacuna, or lack of attention,  in other areas of the brain.
Deeper states of hypnosis are created by centering the attention
for prolonged periods.

With these definitions of hypnosis, a useful model for relating
hypnosis to extra-sensory phenomenon is now possible.


Postulate I:

The conscious experience is associated with the nervous  processes
which take place above a certain critical level of
awareness/alertness.  This function, defined as  I(c), varies
considerably in a state of hypnosis, where attention is focused.

Postulate II:

Psi Energy, arbitrarily defined as E(psi),  is an equivalent in the
field of extra-sensory phenomenon of what, in our three-dimensional
world, is called energy.

   Correlate A: E(psi) is not limited by time.

   Correlate  B:  E(psi)  can not be transformed into  other
energies (i.e. physical energies: converting heat into light).

   Correlate   C:    E(psi)  operates  by  manipulating  the
transformation of physical energies.


Postulate  III:

Psi Energy is responsible for  extra-sensory perception and
psycho-kinetic phenomenon (PK).


Postulate IV:

Psi Energy is the product of some aspect of the metabolic
processes.  Physical data regarding the relationship between
metabolic processes and extra-sensory perception can be found in
the book BEYOND TELEPATHY by Andrea Puharich.


Postulate  V:

The  generation  of the  Psi  Energy  rapidly decreases the level
of alertness.   This immediately explains why:

(1) each  conscious  act has a limited duration,

(2) why we experience a permanent  train  of  changing thoughts,
and

(3)  why  our  attention permanently shifts from one object to the
next.

When you think,  Psi energy is created.  The Psi Energy
automatically decreases the level of alertness so that one shifts
to something else.



Postulate  VI:

The intensity of conscious experience,  I(c), depends on the time
rate of the generation of Psi Energy.  Mathematically, this is
described as

dE(psi) =A(e) x I(c) dt

The rate of change of E(psi) as a function of time is equal to some
geographical constant, A(e), times the intensity of concentration,
I(c).  More  simply  stated  Psi Energy is equal to a geographical
constant times the intensity of concentration,  I(c), times the
amount of time that the thought is held:

E(psi) = A(e) x I(c) x t

If we cannot make any particular thought last long enough,  it
should be sufficient to repeat it again and again until the value
of the individual brief periods add up to a sufficient value.
The equation now becomes

E(psi) = A(e) x I(c) x [t(1) + t(2) + t(3) +...]

Discussion:

Extra-sensory  perception  is  often observed  in  hypnosis,  a
state characterized by a single intensive by a single intensive
thought.  Recurrent cases of psycho-kinetic phenomena, such as the
haunted-house variety, are often reported to be connected with
previous tragic events, associated with intensity of concentration,
I(c).

The  frequently  reported  cases  of crisis telepathy  --  ESP
contact between two persons, one of whom is dying or in grave
danger -  are necessarily associated with intense thought or
concentration.   The length of time experienced depends entirely
upon the circumstances.

The discovery of mental impregnation, known in the literature  as
psychometry gave evidence that repeated identical thoughts increase
the expected psychic effect.   Wearing a ring for a long time  will
"imprint"  memory of the wearer onto the ring: just slipping a ring
on and then off and handing it to a Psychometrist will not
generally reveal any memory of the wearer.

Religious tradition asserts that repeated prayers may be more
effective that a single one.   In other words, the more you repeat
the same  prayer,  or  the more you do a single ritual,  the
greater the effect.    Along with these lines, "tithing"   might
be seen as  consisting of one's time or attention;  rather than
the traditional ones of money to the Church.   Many eastern
religions, for example, require ten percent of your life (2.5
hours) in mentation.

Postulate VII:  The formation of Psi Energy, which is created by
a mental act, preserves the semantic content of the thought which
created it.  In essence, your thought is uniquely distinct.  If
you deviate from your thought slightly, it is a different
thought-form.

The  stimulating action of Psi formation on the brain may account
for memory,  more particularly, active recollection. The influence
of Psi formation increases the level of awareness of the
neuro-patterns corresponding  to  the thought to be remembered.
This corresponding semantic content is then consciously
re-experienced.


Method of Induction:

When questioning or desiring thoughts are intense enough, lasting
long enough, or repeated  frequently enough, the organ of Psi
Energy is produced in sufficient intensity and structuring to be
able to produce a detectable effect in the physical world.  This
may occur in hypnotic states, in states of elated emotions, or when
interest, motivation, or desire is strongly increased.   Therefore,
the ideal process of extra-sensory perception works in this manner:
(figure 1).

An intense desire or question which we wish to have occur or happen
must  first come into being.   At this point the individual
confronts the continuum.   This creates an organ of Psi Energy
(figure 2), which will be described as a "lump" of information.
The thought is held for a prolonged period, increasing the
intensity of concentration, I(c).

Consciousness is then dropped into a "blank mind" state (Figure
3).  The  actual visualization is a switch from the point to a
void.  What then occurs is that this information is impressed on
the consciousness (Figure 4),  resulting in a vision or an event
occurrence.  This event is independent of both space and time.

In actuality, however, what really occurs is the following: The
question being asked is not intense enough to impress itself onto
the unconscious (Figure 5).  Lacking in intensity, the block of
energy (or more precisely, information) that is created is small.
Thus, the Psi Energy output is minimal, if any at all (Figure 6).

When people drop themselves into trance states, they are generally
not in a "blank mind" state.   There are a lot of subconscious
thought going on even as they are going down into the trance state
(Figure 7).  All of these are on a subliminal level.   The person
may not even be aware of them since there is no discipline to hold
onto the "blank mind" state.

Consequently, the information path gets distorted, and weird
pattern emerges.  This vision of information or event experiences
is distorted (Figure  8).  The medium or mystic then usually
experiences a "spirit guide," automatic handwriting, or other
related phenomena.   This is termed an experience in the prototaxic
mode, characterized by loss of ego.

Higher forms of the trance state include art (parataxic mode)  and
creativity (syntaxic mode).  Parataxic experience consists of
relationships with images whose meaning remains on the symbolic
level.  Syntaxic experiences occur when the conscious ego
cooperates willingly with the subconscious.   Here meaning is fully
cognized, with minimal distortion or production.

In older magical ceremonies, the Banishing Ritual and Middle Pillar
exercise  can  be  seen to be designed to facilitate higher  forms
of concentration (i.e. syntaxic mode).  Other keys to this
experience are biofeedback, meditation, peak experiences, higher
Jhana states of yoga, and so on.   The Banishing Ritual provides
protection from invading thoughts and distractions.  Concentration
during this form of ritual purification is intense, structured, and
prolonged.

The  magical  concept of "energized enthusiasm,"  arousing one's
self emotionally, seems to  be pertinent  to  facilitating
telepathic reception.  Puharich believes reception is improved
by "parasympathetic  activation" in which there is an  increase
in released acetylcholine.  He also holds that the telepathic
sending of information is easier when there is an increased amount
of adrenalin in the system. These  metabolic processes need not
be  viewed  as "casual," but  as  simultaneous or synchronous with
ESP  experience.  This way of viewing the body metaphorically is
the bases for modern alchemy -- the process of personal
transformation.

The method for inducing extra-sensory perception through forms  of
self-hypnosis is:

(1) Formulate the question.

(2) Hold that thought for as long as possible.

(3) Assume that the event has occurred.

(4) Drop into a "blank mind" state and wait.


The World's First Psychic Tournament:

On September 21, 1975, Llewellyn Publications sponsored the World's
First Psychic Tournament in Minneapolis, MN as part of  their  5th
Annual Gnosticon Festival.  The tournament itself was co-sponsored
by the Foundation for the Study of Man, originally set up to
continue the work of Dr. Rhine and his work in ESP at Duke
University.  Many famous psychics were invited, including such
personalities as John Pierrakos and Sibyl Leek.

The author of this paper was also invited to test the proposed
models for inducing ESP ability using forms of self-hypnosis. Since
he was relatively unknown for having any abilities in this ESP
field, it seemed to hold some potential as a valid first study.
More than 20 nationally known psychics also participated at this
event.

The  clairvoyance test consisted of twenty (20) cards randomly
pulled from ten (10) poker decks.  Each participant was to guess
the suit of each card.  With one chance in four of guessing the
correct suit, the average  score for a run of 20 cards with no ESP
ability is 5.  Each participant was given five (5) different runs.
A final score determined the winner, with a total of 25
representing the norm.

What happened is now history:   More than 50 percent of those
participating showed normal  scores ranging from 22 to 27 out  of
a possible 100.  Most of the more well-known psychics showed some
paranormal ability in clairvoyance, as expected, with total  scores
averaging between 8 and 12 correct answers out of 20.  One well
known psychic even had a score as high as 61 out of a total
possible 100.

Using the technique of ESP induction through forms of self-hypnosis
as outlined in this paper, however, Richard Miller did not have a
single run less than 16 out of twenty.  His total score was 83 out
of 100, more than two orders of magnitude greater probability than
scores of nationally recognized psychics (Figure 9).

Of course, this does not constitute a proof of this model.  What
it does represent, however, is a need to understand the true
significance of what self-hypnosis is and how it relates to
extra-sensory perception.  Something definitely made a difference
in the performance of what is defined as clairvoyance.  How might
this be applied to therapy?   Or even to such questions as to the
role of placebo, the belief that you can do something beyond your
scope.

A second paper on the nature and importance of attitude as a
prerequisite for improved clairvoyance performance has been
prepared.  The goal was to create a subjective screening
questionnaire.

==================================================================

ESP SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE by Richard Alan Miller, c1973


Abstract:

From a number of studies on the predictive factors involved
associated with high ESP scores, an ESP screening questionnaire is
developed.  The purpose of this questionnaire is to predetermine
which individuals should be selected for more in-depth and
extensive study.  It was distributed to a base of 500 college
students to develop the weighing factors assigned to individual
questions.


Predictive Factors:

The phenomenon known as extra-sensory perception (ESP) has been
the object of tremendous interest and study throughout history.
A survey of the literature indicates that there are a variety of
approaches to screening potential ESP subjects. The search for
predictive factors has led research toward correlating ESP
performance to the items 1 to the items summarized:

A.  Belief in ESP - Subjects who express a positive belief in the
existence of ESP show significantly greater deviation (positive or
negative)  from  mean chance expectation in their own ESP
performance (the so-called Sheep-Goat Effect) (1)

B.  Personality  Characteristics - Extraversion (8),  freedom from
anxiety (5), and not overly-repressed personality (11) have been
shown to have a positive relationship to higher ESP scores.  The
broader the personality factor, the higher the correlation to
performance (8).

C. Mood and Attitude - Inconclusive results,  but suggestive that
the subject's ability to accurately assess his moods may be
important (12, 13).

D. Dream  Recall - Subjects who report frequent dream recall obtain
significant above-chance scores (14).

E. Memory - Inconclusive results (15).

F. Creativity  - Tentative support for positive relationship
between Psi and creativity (16).

G. Visualization/Association    -   Indicates   relationship
between "focusing effect"  and ESP performance,  but weak on method
of subject election (18, 19).

H. EEG  Parameters - Highly significant positive correlation
between directional alpha frequency shift and ESP scoring (22).

I. Reports of Psi Experiences - Suggests correlation between high
ESP scores and greater number of reported Psi experiences (24).

1. standard card exercise, a system of four variables, in percent
above probabilities.


Questionnaire Design:

A  questionnaire has  been designed to elicit the broad profile of
the potential subject for ESP It covers those significant factors
which lend themselves to measurement in a one-time evaluation
form.   The positive responses  have been weighed in evidence of
their relative significance.   The composite measure of personality
characteristics (5A  on  the  scoring sheet) has further weighing
because of the significance of a greater number of positive
responses.

From  the  vague  and generalized reports of the actual mechanics
of recruiting subjects, one guideline has been established.
Complete honesty (not necessarily full disclosure) between the
experimenter and the subject is essential to maintain an objective
research atmosphere.  It is suggested that when the various groups
of potential subjects are approached with this questionnaire,  they
should be informed of what they might expect should they be
selected to participate in further research.

One small group of subjects (20-30) with the most positive response
ratings has been chosen, there are several reliable pathways for
further selection which may be pursued simultaneously or
alternatively:

    1.  Simple precognition and/or psychokinesis tests with ESP
    cards and dice can separate the high-from low-scorers.

    2.  Measurement and detection of EEG directional Alpha
    frequency shift during such ESP tests can give further
    significant  correlation (22).

    3.  The most promising  method of further  screening seems  to
    involve testing of precognition of a random quantum process
    according to the methods developed and tested by Helmut
    Schmidt  (25-30).  The advantage  of this method is
    automation of the testing procedure which eases  the people
    involved,  removes some sources of human error,  and
    provides for a greatly increased number of trials per unit
    of test time.  This  method  of  selecting  subjects has
    been shown to  be significant  at  the level of p=0.0005
    (31). Additionally,  the  test machine   can  be  devised
    to  test subjects for precognition or psychokinesis under
    psychologically equivalent conditions (29).

Several techniques for enhancement of positive ESP scores have
given suggestive results on testing, and may be useful for final
selection:

    1.  Testing comparisons in extreme and moderate moods (12).

    2.  Hypnotic suggestion (4).

    3.  Visualization/Association technique (19).

Further  results of immediate feedback learning have been
inconclusive (32).  There  have  been  suggestions that memory
functions (15) and cortical arousal (8) have physiological
correlations to high ESP scores.  This could serve as the basis of
further research.

The following questionnaire was distributed to a base of 500
persons to develop the weighing factors assigned to individual
questions.  Further confirmation and statistical significance was
confirmed via traditional testing using symbol coded cards.

The formation of bell-shaped curve of the 500 persons testifies to
the efficacy of the questionnaire.  An interesting phenomenon  was
observed, known in the literature as "psi missing."  These people,
who score very low scores on the questionnaire,  were tested with
symbol coded cards.  Their scores were very low, lower than
statistically possible.  This indicated a "Psi" presence in it's
"absence".  Due to some unknown factor, a certain small group will
exhibit "Psi" ability by statistically scoring less than random
change.  The questionnaire seems to catch and show this phenomenon,
known as "Psi missing".





QUESTIONNAIRE


For each set of statements below, select the one which you think
best describes yourself.

( ) A.  I believe in the existence of ESP (extrasensory
perception). ( ) B.  I do not believe in the existence of ESP

( ) A.  I tend to be serious minded about most things. ( ) B.  I
tend to feel happy-go-lucky about most things.

( ) A.  I tend to repress the expression of my feelings in order
to avoid unpleasant situations. ( ) B.  I tend to express my
feelings regardless of the consequences.

( ) A.  I most enjoy spending time alone. ( ) B.  I prefer to be
in the company of other people.

( ) A.  I frequently recall my dreams (at least once a week). ( )
B.  I occasionally recall my dreams (at least once a month). ( )
C.  I rarely recall my dreams (less than once a month).

( ) A.  I often accept other people's shortcomings. ( ) B.  I am
often critical of other people's faults.

( ) A.  I perform best when following the direction of another. (
) B.  I am more confident when I follow my own ideas.

( ) A.  I have a tough and realistic outlook. ( ) B.  I am more
inclined to be aesthetically sensitive.

I have experiences which seem to involve ESP: ( ) A.  Frequently
(at least once a week). ( ) B.  Occasionally (at least once a
month). ( ) C.  Rarely (less than once a month).

( ) A.  I most enjoy perceiving what an artist has created in his
work. ( ) B.  I most enjoy making my own artistic creations.






NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
STATE:
ZIP:
PHONE:


QUESTIONNAIRE SCORING SHEET



Positive ESP Response Weight

1.  BELIEF IN ESP

    Question 1

         A  20%

2.  REPORT OF PSI EXPERIENCES

    Question 9

         A  20% B 10%

3.  DREAM RECALL

    Question 5

         A  20%

4.  CREATIVITY

    Question 7

         B   5%

    Question 10

         B   5%

5.  PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS number of

    A. Composite Measure positive responses

         Question 2

              B 0  0%

         Question 4

              B 1  0%

         Question 6

              A 2  5%

         Question 8

              A 3 10% 4 20%

    B. Repression

         Question 3

              B  10%



CONTACT: Richard Alan Miller,
OAK, INC., 1305  Vista Drive, Grants Pass, OR   97527
CIS E-mail via Internet to DrRam@aol.com


BIBLIOGRAPHY

(a) Belief in ESP

(1) Buzby, Dallas, E. "Subject Attitude and Score Variance in ESP
Tests" JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 31(1) 43-50, 1967.

(2) Palmer, John "Scoring in ESP Tests as a Function of Belief in
ESP: II. Beyond the Sheep-Goat effect." Vol. 66(1) 1-26, 1972.

(b) Personality Characteristics

(3) Freeman, John A. "The Psi-Differential Effect in a Precognition
Test" JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 33(3) 206-212, 1969.

(4) Honorton, Charles "A Further Separation of High- and
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PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 30(3) 172-183 1966.

(5) Johnson, Martin, and Kanthamani, B.K. "The Defense Mechanism
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Kathamani, B.K., and Rao K. Ramakrishna "Personality
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(6)   I. Primary Personality Characteristics and ESP" JOURNAL OF
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(7)  II. The Combined Personality Measure (CPM) and ESP" JOURNAL
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(8) III. Extraversion and ESP" JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 36(3)
198-212, 1972.

(9)  IV. Neuroticism and ESP" JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 37(1)
37-50, 1973.

(10) V. Graphic Expansiveness and ESP" JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY

Vol. 37(2) 119-129, 1973.
(11) Schmeidler, Gertrude R. and McConnell, R.A. ESP and
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(c) Mood and Attitude

(12) Neilson, Winnifred "Relationships Between Precognition Scoring
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(13) Schmeidler, Gertrude R. "Mood and Attitude on a Pretest as
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(d) Dream Recall

(14) Honorton, Charles "Reported Frequency of Dream Recall and ESP"
JOURNAL of the AMERICAN SOCIETY for PSYCHICAL RESEARCH Vol. 66(4)
369-374, 1972.

(e) Memory

(15) Feather, Sara R. "A Quantaitive Comparison of Memory and Psi"
JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 31(2) 93-98, 1967.

(f) Creativity

(16) Honorton, Charles "Creativity and Precognition Scoring Level"
JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 31(1) 29-42, 1967.  (17) Moss,
Thelma "ESP Effects in "artists" Contrasted with "Non-Artists"
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(g) Visualization/Association

(18) Pratt, J.G., & Keil, H.H. "The Focusing Effect as Patterned
Behavior Based on  Habitual Object-Word Associations:  A Working
Hypothesis with Supporting Evidence" JOURNAL of the AMERICAN
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(19) Stanford, Rex G. ""Associative Activation of the Unconscious"
and "Visualization" as Methods of Influencing the PK Target"
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365-374, 1969.

(h) EEG Parameters

(20) Honorton, Charles "Relationship Between EEG Alpha Activity
and ESP Card- Guessing Performance" JOURNAL of the AMERICAN SOCIETY
for PSYCHICAL RESEARCH Vol. 63(4) 365-374, 1969.

(21) Honorton, C. Davidson, R., and Bindler, P. "Feedback-Augmented
EEG Alpha, Shifts in Subjective State, and ESP Card-Guessing
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(22) Stanford, Rex G. "EEG Alpha Activity and ESP Performance: A
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RESEARCH Vol. 65(2) 144-154, 1971

(23) Stanford, Rex G., and Stanford, Brigit E. "Shifts in EEG Alpha
Rhythm Related to Calling Patterns and ESP Run-Score Variance"
JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 33(1) 331-319, 1969.

(i) Reports of Psi Experiences

(24) Jones, Joyce N., and Feather, Sara R. "Relationship Between
Reports of Psi Experiences and Subject Variance" JOURNAL OF
PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 33(4) 331-319, 1969.

(j) Machine Testing

(25) Schmidt, Helmut "Precognition of a Quantum Process" JOURNAL
OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 33(2) 99-108, 1969.

(26) ________ "Clairvoyance Tests with a Machine" JOURNAL OF
PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 33(4) 300-306, 1969.

(27) _______ "A PK Test with Electronic Equipment" JOURNAL OF
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(28) _______ "A Quantum Mechanical Random Number Generator for Psi
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(29) _______, & Pantas, Lee "Psi Tests with Internally Different
Machines" JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY Vol. 36(3) 222-232, 1972.

(30) _______ "PK Tests With High-Speed Random Number Generator"
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(31) Haraldsson, Erlendur "Subject Selection in a Machine
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(k) Feedback Learning

(32) Schmeidler, G.R. & Lewis, L. "A Search for Feedback in ESP:
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of the AMERICAN SOCIETY for PSYCHICAL RESEARCH Vol. 63(1) 60-68,
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(33) Targ, Russell, & Hurt, David B. "Learning Clairvoyance and
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REVIEW Vol. 3(4) 9-11, 1972.